Report on 2g Spectrum Essays

Report on 2g Spectrum Essays Report on 2g Spectrum Essay Report on 2g Spectrum Essay This is the greatest trick till now in India. The Supreme Court said that this 2G Scam is the mother of the considerable number of Scams. The 2G range trick included authorities in the administration of India unlawfully undercharging portable communication organizations for recurrence designation licenses, which they would use to make 2G memberships for PDAs. The deficit between the cash gathered and the cash which the law ordered to be gathered is 1,76,379crore rupees or USD 39 billion. The giving of licenses happened in 2008, yet the trick came to open notification when the Indian Income Tax Department was researching political lobbyist NiraRadia. The legislatures examination and the administrations responses to the discoveries in the examination were the subject of discussion, similar to the idea of the Indian medias responses. The conversation around the responses to the 2G range trick got referred to in the media as the NiraRadia tapes discussion. A Raja ,the Ex-Minister of Communications andInformation Technology , is an Indian government official from the DMK, who sold the licenses and assumed a key job in 2G Scam and furthermore who realizes full insights about 2G Scam. By and large , Tele Communication organizations need to take permit from Government by paying enormous sums for their activities and furthermore Government have numerous principles to give consent for new organizations in Tele Communication. So,due to Raja , numerous organizations got the licenses economically and furthermore numerous new organizations began their administrations with out eligibilitycriteria,which is unlawful. Following is the data given by Comptroller and Auditor General(CAG): * On nov 11th,The Comptroller and Auditor General(CAG) reported that income misfortune for India because of Raja at Rs. . 8L Cr. CAG arraigns Raja: * CAG says Raja caused Rs. 177,000crore misfortune to India. * Licenses gave in 2008,pegged at 2001 costs. * Raja’s service offered range to 9 organizations in 2008 utilizing broken amp; obsolete policy,causing Rs. 140,000 crore misfortune. * Doled out extra wireless transmissions to existing telecos past what they were entitled to,causing a n extra loss of about Rs. 37,000 crore to exchequer. * Raja gave double permit licenses to RCOM amp; Tata tele in 2008 utilizing old strategy , causing lost up to Rs. 37,000 cr. Raja overlooked counsel of Telecom RegulatoryTRAI , Finance Ministry amp; Law Ministry on evaluating wireless transmissions at sensible amp; advertise driven rates. * He disregarded Prime Minister’s counsel likewise to preferring some corporates,Raja spurned all standards. * Raja relegated dish India wireless transmissions for Rs. 1651 Crore despiteS tel offering Rs. 13,752croreamp; in any event, willing to inhance this offer if the administration were to get a higher offered. * Six of the nine organizations that were given licenses didn't satisfy the qualification rules , yet correspondences service (Raja)did not dismiss their applications. The Six organizations are: 1. Etisalat 2. Datacom(Videocon) 3. Unitech(which coded larger part control to Norway Telenor) 4. AllianzInfratech 5. Circle Mobile 6. S Tel Criteria for working out potential misfortune Rates offered based on Categoryby S Tel 3G sell off New Licenses Rs. 657525cr Rs. 102497cr Dual Technology Rs. 24591cr Rs. 37153cr Beyond contracted Quantity of 6. 2MHZ Rs. 36729cr Total Rs. 0316cr Rs. 176379cr WEB Of Allegations: * CAG says telecom service had ridiculed each group of budgetary propriety,rules and methods. * Raja gave licenses to ineligible applicants:85 of 122 licenses gave in 2008 were unlawful as these cos had unveiled fragmented data , submitted imaginary archives and utilized fake intends to get grants. * Allianz Infratech ,Datacom(Videocon), Unitech(Telenor), S Tel, Loop Mobile and Etisalat were not qualified for versatile prmits. * Swan Telecom seemed to go about as a ‘front company’ in the interest of Anil Ambhani-drove Reliance Telecom. Benefit list for range changed in Punjab amp; Maharashtra to support Swan. * Telecom service gave undue advantages to RC OM amp; Swan. Range of Controversies: Spectrum Scam: * Amount paid by new Telecos for a skillet India permit in 2008: Rs. 1,651crore. * Estimated misfortune to exchequer on selling licenses cheap:Rs. 140,000crore. Pain free income: * Swan Telecom taken the permit for Rs. 1537 crore and offered 45% stake to UAE’s Etisalat for $900m(Rs. 4200 cr). * Unitech taken permit for Rs. 1661 crore and sold 60. 00% to Norway’s Telenor for $1. 1 billion(Rs. 6200 cr). S Tel offered 49% to Bahrain’s Batelco for about $225m. * On nov fourteenth Raja quit as congress will not yield and KapilSibal taken the charge. Activities Taken By The Government To Prevent The 2G Scam: * Enforcement Directorate(ED) has writeen to nations from where cash was gotten by Indian firms for subtleties on financial specialists amp; wellspring of assets. * It is additionally examing job of unmistakable corporate lobbyist who is claimed to have player a job in impacting the manner in which the licenses were granted to new organizations. * Opposition (BJP)to press for Joint Parliamentary Committee test. Janata Party President SubramaniamSwamy documented a grumbling in Supreme Court on Raja. In this way, the issue is in SC. * The Telecom Regulatory has solicited the Government to drop 62 from the 122 licenses gave by previous Telecom Minister A Raja. * The CAG in its report said 85 of 122 licenses given to six organizations , outstandingly Uninor,Videocon,LoopMobile,STel,Etisalat and AllinzInfratech were illicit as these organizations were not qualified to acquire them. * ED tests NiiraRadia,who is a lobbyist amp; proprietor of Vaishnavi Corporate Communications that handles PR for of all Tata organizations for job in 2G Scam for 7hours. Preeminent Court given the case to CBI for examination. * CBI attacks Raja over the Spectrum. * CBI lo ok through Raja houses in Delhi,Chennai. * SC addresses Rs. 10,000cr advances to new licenses. * Court solicited CBI to look at the attainability from testing the assignment of radio range since 2001,when BJP-Led NDA Government was in power. * Judges spoke to be incredulous of a choice by SBI to loan Rs. 2500 cr to Uninor. * CBI advised to court that they will finish the examination in 3 months,later they told they need a half year time. A portion Of The Other Actions To Prevent 2G Scam: * The procedures of the parliamentary boards of trustees ought to be made accessible to the media and public,so that individuals can comprehend the issue plainly. * The Government must take the genuine and extreme choices particularly in these kind of scams,so that nobody attempts to swindle. * Government needs to substantiate itself by capturing the unlawful persons,whether they are anyone. * Both media and the overall population must make a mindfulness that the administration is a trustee of open cash and resources and the individuals are the genuine proprietors. Media has assumed a significant job in bending a popular sentiment . So,alert resident and faithful media. * Creating quick track indictment. Finally†¦. Primary issues in 2G Spectrum Scam: * 2G licenses at expendable costs * Rules bent,no methodology followed. Cut-off date progressed * No auction,no offers. First-start things out served. * Swan Telecom licence:Rs. 153 7 crore Sold 45% stake:Rs. 4200crore * Mobile supporter base: 2001:4 million 2008:350 million * Unitech Wireless licence:Rs. 1661 crore Sold 60% stake:Rs. 6200crore * Revenue Loss:1. 8L Crore Licenses gave in 2008,pegged at 2001 costs. * Law Ministry,FinanceMinistry,TRAI and PM’s guidance overlooked. * Government Revenue: 2G:Rs. 10772crore 3G:RS. 1 Lakh crore Souces: Economic Times Ndtv. com Wikipedia. com Rediff. com Report on 2G Spectrum Scam Submitted by: Dileep Madhur

The Concept Of Learning Style Education Essay

The develop of larning way has been concentrated by a wide range of strategies. Learning habits can be characterized as the highlights and ideal way wherein an individual used to collect, spot and treat data ( Fleming, 2001 ) . For Kolb ( 1984 ) , larning way is the method wherein an individual gets new data and achievements. Sternberg ‘s ( 2001 ) meaning of tilting way is unique in relation to that of Kolb ‘s and Fleming ‘s, Sternberg characterizes larning way as an acclimated structure or favored way which an individual uses to make something through various exercises over an extensive stretch of times. The above definitions have a typical point which individual have their ain propensity in larning. On the off chance that individuals see increasingly about their securing way, they can happen a superior way to larn and go a progressively capable researcher ( Sze, 2009 ) . It causes single to larn new things strongly and quickly in light of the fact that they compre hend their obtaining encounter and cognize the thing which they need ( Sze, 2009 ) . I would wish to use VARK and Honey and A ; Mumford to occur out my larning inclination. VARK Test VARK is a lot of methodical requests which abdominal muscle initio chose in 1987 by Neil Fleming to gracefully a man with a worry of their procurement affinity about the way which a man would wish to take-in and give-out data ( VARK, 2012 ) . The abbreviation VARK represents Visual ( V ) , Aural ( A ) , Read/compose ( R ) and Kinesthetic ( K ) tangible modes which utilized by a man to larn data ( VARK, 2012 ) . After I completed the VARK preliminary, I found that I have a multi-model ( VARK ) larning inclination. The imprint spread between the four methods of VARK is pretty much nothing. I scored 10, 9, 8 and 10 in Visual, Aural, Read/Write and Kinesthetic severally. It implies my learning inclination is the blends of the four habits. The outcome of the investigation is fairly precise for me that I am making a trip to elucidate the aftereffects of the result with my everyday life and learning experience. At the point when I concentrated in the high sheepskin in concern removal, I delighted in the lectors to use various graphs, outlines and models which used to portray some intricate or conceptual hypotheses or data. For outline, the lector utilized the chart to demo the constituents of the Gross national pay. It made me to comprehend and have new insight all the more quickly. Despite the fact that, I would wish to larn discernment through visual way, I would non ignore the read/compose class. It is other than of import for me to hold data. At the point when I was making the finishing up twelvemonth endeavor in the high sheepskin, I wanted to occur out the utile data from the books and the internet. From that point forward, I would see down some of import data which I may use in the endeavor. For kinaesthetic class, it is other than the way to help me geting new things through experience or example. I had a part cut occupation last twelvemonth which I expected to place in the noticeab le radiation in various presentations. At the main clasp I joined the crew, I did non cognize how to put the obvious radiation. After the manager ‘s introduction and my example, I could make it without anyone else quickly. I other than prefer to have and give out notions in bunch treatment. It is on the grounds that I can have various recommendations and considerations when holding a treatment. It give me I great chance to move up and increment perception. As a multi-modular propensity researcher, I can be progressively adaptable to modify my larning way starting with one then onto the next to run into various larning or workplace. Be that as it may, multi-model researchers may encounter unreliable by only using one affinity to larn, they may require more than one way or plans to have new data ( VARK, 2012 ) . Nectar and A ; Mumford ‘s Learning Styles Questionnaires ( LSQ ) The Honey and A ; Mumford ‘s ( 1992 ) LSQ is first evolved in 1982 which depended on the David Kolb ‘s Learning Styles Inventory ( LSI ) . Not quite the same as the Kolb ‘s LSI which using unique words, Honey and A ; Mumford ‘s LSQ point of convergence on existent work exercises. It makes the clients to see all the more simple. LSQ means to LSQ partitions larning habits into four sorts ; Militants, Theorists, Pragmatists and Reflectors. The investigation of the LSQ said that I have solid propensity on reflectors. It implies that I will look to comprehend and examination the things comprehensively before doing a choice. It is somewhat fitting to delineate my larning affinity. I had various gathering medicines with my crew individuals when I concentrated in sheepskin and high sheepskin in concern removal. I only here and there gave out my assessment right away during the main gathering. I typically tuned in to different individuals ‘ positions and proposals thus thought what they said is appropriate for the endeavor or task. I would move up the data from the internet and content releases to turn out my focuses were correct. After I thought about various derivations, I would give my opinions. I do non really hold that I have a moderate inclination on aggressor in the investigation. I want to make something for all intents and purposes by adhering to basic directions. I am non simple to influence in new experience without cautious examination. Limitation of VARK and Honey and A ; Mumford ‘s LSQ Orchestrating to Hawk and Shah ( 2007 ) , there has non satisfactory research to back up the cogency and trustworthiness of the VARK. Fleming and Baume ( 2006 ) other than said that cognizing one ‘s larning inclination did non plan the individual could better its securing. It only reveals to us our larning inclination. Character The alone type of thoughts, sentiments and practices which a man perseveres over a clasp and across situation can be characterized as character ( Morris and A ; Maisto, 2009 ) . Subsequent to reevaluating various meanings of character, Sadeghi, Kasim, Tam and A ; Abdullah ( 2012 ) other than said that â€Å" to summarize, character can be characterized as a dynamic and composed arrangement of highlights controlled by each person that particularly and unambiguously impacts their practices, intentions, and familiarities in grouped condition of affairss. † Knowing one ‘s character causes us to recognize ‘real you ‘ which can benefit for our more distant advancement of our conceivable ( Barrett and A ; Green, 2011 ) . Myers Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI ) The MBTI is an efficient poll which was created by the female parent and young lady crew of Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs-Myers which joins the character preliminary, calling preliminary and driving habits test into one ( TeamTechnology, 2012 ) . It benefits us by recognizing our idea calling, building up our driving strength, bettering our connections and increasing our mindfulness ( TeamTechnology, 2012 ) . Orchestrating to the investigation of the MBTI preliminary ( Appendices ) , I have the most noteworthy character types in ESFJ and ISFJ. The boss diverse between the two most noteworthy stamping is among extroversion and invagination. It implies my hiting spread of these two variables is close to nothing. In my alternative, both extroversion and invagination are embraced in my everyday life which relies upon the distinctive condition of affairss. As I notice in the Honey and A ; Mumford ‘s LSQ, I like to think something thoroughly before making it. It meets the depiction of the invagination that individuals focus on a couple, profound issues and thoroughly consider things before moving. On the off chance that I need to break down explicit issue or point. I can pass a cluster of clasp to occur out the data through various beginnings without anyone else. I will be truly fulfilled that I can comprehend the activity with my endeavor. At times, I am an extraversive person. At the po int when I was a post in essential and optional school, I would wish to pass on with new crew individuals. It gave an open door for me to cognize progressively about them. The examination other than said that I look to create agreement in the connections and advance participation. It is fairly right that I think a decent relationship of a crew is extremely of import. Each crew part is esteemed for a crew. I accept that great collaboration can help to achieve the end practically and quickly. Huge and A ; Limitation of MBTI Williamson and A ; Watson ( 2007 ) call attention to making MBTI preliminary can benefit our self-comprehend and improvement. It is utile for calling direction to let individuals to get themselves and decide fitting calling program ( Kennedy and A ; Kennedy, 2004 ) . On the different manus, numerous associations use MBTI to gauge their appliers that it is unscrupulous and illicit for them to try out appliers ( Quenk, 2000 ) . It is only mirror the propensity however non the capacity, savvy and open door for effective ( Kennedy and A ; Kennedy, 2004 ) . Group Role Meredith Belbin characterizes crew work as a tendency to act, contribute and interrelate with others in an impossible to miss way in a crew ( Belbin Associate, 2012 ) . Belbin Team Roles has been utilized in numerous associations over the word to put the crew capacity of various individuals inside the association ( Belbin Associate, 2012 ) . Belbin Team Roles Belbin Team Roles preliminary is an analytic device which used to quantify single crew work propensity and discover the crew jobs balance in a crew ( Partington and Harris, 1999 ) . Nine crew capacities are recognized in the Belbin crew work preliminary, they are facilitator, producer, works, recourses look into laborer, crew laborer, implementer, registering machine nearer, delegate judge and specializer. Belbin Team Roles are utilized to put individuals ‘s social qualities and failings so it assists with developing beneficial working relationship and basic trust and dread inside a crew ( Belbin Associate, 2012 ) . Orchestrating to my investigation of Belbin on-line preliminary, I have the most inclination work in the completer closer with the best grade from 80 â

Is Ethical Conduct Important?

Other than being the â€Å"right thing to do,† Ethical lead is significant on the grounds that it not just includes making the right decision and legitimate, yet it is additionally useful for business. Moral lead is the reason for long haul achievement in any association. Here are a portion of the numerous points of interest to moral lead at work. Moral direct guarantees great and legitimate associations with clients and sellers. Moral lead with respect to all representatives additionally keeps up quality and efficiency. At the point when representatives observe moral gauges, they don't compromise or bamboozle the organization or its clients. Moral direct utilizes assets. Cash, time, and exertion are placed into profitable exercises instead of occupied for sketchy purposes or individual addition. Moral perform advances a solid open picture for the association. Individuals regard an association that settles on moral decisions. Clients like working with an affiliation they can trust. Morals can be characterized as a lot of principles of satisfactory direct and good judgment. Morals gives social rules between representatives, group leads or boss, It likewise gives authoritative or cultural , that assist us with settling on legitimate or ill-advised direct among every others. Consistence with laws and the social treatment of workers are two totally various parts of the chief's activity. While moral predicaments will consistently happen in the oversight of representatives, it is the manner by which workers are dealt with that to a great extent recognizes the moral association from the chief's activity. It is critical to have a quiet situation a work. We go through 8 hours with our collaborators consistently ,that is the reason is essential to make an extraordinary domain loaded with happy minutes and satisfaction. Viera In my activity is extraordinarily critical to have great morals . I work at the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center with patients throughout the day. They are for the most part patients that are wiped out and experiencing an extremely hard time in their life having chemotherapy treatment and radiation treatment. We as representative must be moral consistently, we should be well mannered, supportive, beautiful and deferential with them. I for one had an astonishing preparing before my beginning day about the activity desires and morals. I accept each organization should prepare their representative about morals. A definitive objective of morals preparing is to stay away from deceptive conduct and unfriendly exposure; to increase a key bit of leeway; and a large portion of all, to treat representatives in reasonable and fair way, remembering them as beneficial individuals from the association. Moral lead helps resolve and advances collaboration. At the point when representatives can confide in each other and the executives, they can cooperate all the more agreeably and viably.

The Indisputable Truth About Essay Topics for Class 4 and 5 That No One Is Sharing With You

The Indisputable Truth About Essay Topics for Class 4 and 5 That No One Is Sharing With You The Nuiances of Essay Topics for Class 4 and 5 There are lots of aspects about a sport that may be argued in an essay. Writing about nuclear weapons is always a great idea. When it has to do with deciding on a topic, don't be fearful of the ones that sound generic, as you can use creativity to bring it to life. Relevant Topics that are related to your society will engage the reader in the very best possible way. The Essay Topics for Class 4 and 5 Trap A good example of this response code is a busted leg. You know that you want to not just craft a speech except to arrange the demonstration process too. Read them should you want to create your speech like possible. Another variant being used within the United Kingdom. The Basic Facts of Essay Topics for Class 4 and 5 Animals' rights are always a terrific problem to discuss, particularly with students. Road rules have to be obeyed. College is for a high amount of study. Dance is a sport which you never wish to give up on. How people will act if there isn't going to be any rules in any respect. You should think about a task to locate a theme not an issue but an opportunity and even a benefit. There are a lot of 5-minute demonstration speech ideas and there are lots of longer ones, and that means you will be in a position to craft a fantastic speech either manner. Utilize your own personal experience to explain your standpoint. One is the test match and the other one is the 1 day match. Application essays about challenges reveal how you respond to difficulty to folks who are really interested in how you'll deal with the subsequent four years by yourself. After you choose a title, you have to know about the varieties of argumentative claims that you will add in your essay whilst addressing the public. There are a few hard concerns you have to ask, but it deserves it. Inspiration to make your own adv ertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't really hard to discover. It is all about arguing and debating on a topic, which is debatable. It is crucial to pick a great topic so as to compose a fantastic paper. They're a chance to do some creative writing, even in the event the essay topic you select looks pretty boring at first. The Ideal Strategy for Essay Topics for Class 4 and 5 Ambulance Victoria The info offered to Ambulance Victoria at the right time of the triple zero call generates a case kind and ambulance response code based on the seriousness of the emergency. Figure out how long you've got. You shouldn't need assistance with your breathing. To begin with, obtain several references or recommendations for teen substance rehab from your health care provider. Life After Essay Topics for Class 4 and 5 A thesis has to be arguable like in an argumentative or persuasive essay to create the readers wish to debate. Thesis Statement Thesis statement holds a grea t deal of importance in any sort of essay writing. You don't need to find super technical with legal argumentative essays, but be certain to do your homework on what the present laws about your preferred topic actually say. It has a number of cultures and traditions. Essay on race might have various topics. I am sure this will assist you in future and you'll have the ability to compose an impressive essay. In terms of the organization of the last essay, it's wise to use a 5-paragraph structure. It's time to learn how to compose a 5 paragraph essay. Where to Find Essay Topics for Class 4 and 5 Bear in mind that demonstrative speech is most likely the most time-specific. Here you must employ your imagination. Recap If you have to decide on a teen substance rehab facility for your youngster, it will definitely not be a simple selection for numerous factors. Luckily, you have our top-class group of writers who can assist students and teach them how to pick the most suitable essay direction.

The Discovery of Otzi the Iceman and Its Significance

On September 19, 1991, two German tourists were hiking in the Otzal Alps near the Italian-Austrian border when they discovered Europes oldest known mummy sticking out of the ice. Otzi, as the iceman is now known, had been naturally mummified by the ice and kept in amazing condition for approximately 5,300 years. Research on Otzis preserved body and the various artifacts found with it continues to reveal much about the life of Copper Age Europeans. The Discovery Around 1:30 p.m. on September 19, 1991, Erika and Helmut Simon from Nuremberg, Germany were descending from the Finail peak in the Tisenjoch area of the Otzal Alps when they decided to take a shortcut off the beaten path. When they did so, they noticed something brown sticking out of the ice. Upon further inspection, the Simons discovered that it was a human corpse. Although they could see the back of the head, arms, and back, the bottom of the torso was still embedded in the ice. The Simons took a picture and then reported their discovery at the Similaun Refuge. At the time, however, the Simons and the authorities all thought the body belonged to a modern man who had recently suffered a deadly accident. Removing Otzis Body Removing a frozen body thats stuck in the ice at 10,530 feet (3,210 meters) above sea level is never easy. Adding bad weather and a lack of proper excavation equipment made the job even more difficult. After four days of trying, Otzis body was finally removed from the ice on September 23, 1991. Sealed up in a body bag, Otzi was flown via helicopter to the town of Vent, where his body was transferred to a wooden coffin and taken to the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Innsbruck. At Innsbruck, archaeologist Konrad Spindler determined that the body found in the ice was definitely not a modern man; instead, he was at least 4,000 years old. It was then that they realized that Otzi the Iceman was one of the most amazing archaeological finds of the century. Once it was realized that Otzi was an extremely important discovery, two teams of archaeologists went back to the discovery site to see if they could find more artifacts. The first team stayed only three days, October 3-5, 1991, because the winter weather was too harsh to work in. The second archaeology team waited until the following summer, surveying from July 20 to August 25 1992. This team found numerous artifacts, including string, muscle fibers, a piece of a longbow, and a bearskin hat. Who Was Otzi the Iceman? Otzi was a man who lived sometime between 3350 and 3100 BCE in what is called the Chalcolithic or Copper Age. He stood approximately five feet and three inches high and at the end of his life suffered from arthritis, gallstones, and whipworm. He died at about the age of 46. At first, it was believed that Otzi had died from exposure, but in 2001 an X-ray revealed that there was a stone arrowhead embedded in his left shoulder. A CT scan in 2005 discovered that the arrowhead had severed one of the Otzis arteries, most likely causing his death. A large wound on Otzis hand was another indicator that Otzi had been in close combat with someone shortly before his death. Scientists have recently discovered that Otzis last meal consisted of a few slices of fatty, cured goat meat, similar to modern-day bacon. But many questions remain regarding Otzi the Iceman. Why did Otzi have over 50 tattoos on his body? Were the tattoos part of an ancient form of acupuncture? Who killed him? Why was the blood of four people found on his clothes and weapons? Perhaps more research will help answer these and other questions about Otzi the Iceman.   Otzi on Display After seven years of study at Innsbruck University, Otzi the Iceman was transported to South Tyrol, Italy, where he was to be both further studied and put on display. At the South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology, Otzi was encased within a specially made chamber, which is kept dark and refrigerated to help preserve Otzis body. Visitors to the museum can glimpse Otzi through a small window. To remember the place where Otzi had remained for 5,300 years, a stone marker was placed at the discovery site.

Gender Biased in Medicine - 648 Words

Since the beginning of evolution, females have been subjected and objectified based on their gender. History taught us that when during the 19th century, Charles Darwin, an English naturalist and geologist stated in his papers â€Å"The Origin of Man† (1859) and â€Å"Descent of Man† (1871) that men were superior to women. Unfortunately, such subjections to women still persist today; in politics, education, labor and surprisingly in science. Science supposed to be unbiased in disregard of gender. Scientist supposed to back the truth through fair and honest experiments without bias or sexual preference but history had taught us that even in science, women are perpetuated and â€Å"used† for their own patriarchal gain. In the paper â€Å"The Evolutionary Origins of Patriarchy† by Barbara Smuts, Smuts talks about evolutionary basis of male motivation to control female sexuality. Evolutionary psychology has its roots in Charles Darwin theory of Natural Selection-â€Å"Through natural selection, [Darwin] explained, men had become superior to woman in courage, energy, intellect and inventive genius and thus would inevitably excel in art, science and philosophy† (The Female Malady, p.122). Such publications not only gave burst to the male society (patriarchal) but gave them more reasons to perpetuate inequality. This is also corroborated by another journal, in the paper â€Å"The Origins of Sex Differences in Human Behavior† by Alice H. Eagly and Wendy Wood, which they conclude by saying that evolutionaryShow MoreRelatedEssay on Gender Norming974 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Norming What exactly is a standard? According to Webster’s dictionary, a standard is a level of quality or excellence that is accepted as the norm or by which actual attainments are judged. 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Paradoxically, in WADA’s 2017 list of prohibited substances and methods, testosterone, an anabolic agent, was listed

Essay About Soccer Example For Students

Essay About Soccer Soccer is a popular sport played all over the world. Even though it has only been popular in North America for the past 30 years, soccer has been a long time favorite most everywhere else. It is the national sport of most European and Latin-American countries, and of many other nations. Millions of people in more than 140 countries play soccer. The sport dates back to the Egyptians, who played games involving the kicking of a ball. Now, the sport has grown to a global pastime, including mens and womens teams, and the World Cup (which is played every four years). Games similar to soccer were played in China as early as 400 BC. In about 200 AD the Romans played a game in which two teams tried to score by advancing a ball across a line on the field. The Romans passed the ball to one another but they never kicked it. London children in about 1100 played a form of soccer in the streets. During the 1800s the people of England played a game similar to soccer. Many rules changed and each per son interpreted the rules differently. The modern version came about in the early nineteenth century, in England. It started as a game involving kicking and handing, but later this branched off into two separate sports: rugby and football (which is what the English call soccer). In 1848 a group of school representatives met at Trinity College in Cambridge and drew up the first of soccer rules. In 1863 English soccer clubs founded the Football Association. By the late 1800s soccer began to spread to the rest of the world. The Canadian Soccer Association was established in 1912 while the United States Soccer Federation was set up in 1913. The first World Cup Championship was in Montevideo, Uruguay. Since then it has been played every four years except during WWII. The North American Soccer League (NASL) was formed in 1968 and the sport began to gain popularity in the 1970s. The modern game of soccer has a simple goal: kick or head the ball in to the goal of your opponents team. Basically, there is also one simple rule: No o ne except the goalkeeper may use theyre hands to play the ball. Soccer is a simplistic sport. Eleven members of each team defend their side of the field to prevent the ball from being forced into their goal, which results in a point scored by the team kicking the ball. There are only three officials involved during play: The referee, and two linesmen. The equipment used in soccer is also very simple. In addition to the field itself, all that is needed for a game is two goals (eight feet high and eight yards apart) and a ball. Each player wears hard plastic or padded shin guard, covered by long socks, for protection during play. Cleats are also worn for traction on the field. A goalie may also wear a special padded shirt, and gloves to protect his or her hands. A standard field, as regulated by the Federation International de Football Association (or FIFA), has a length between 100 and 130 yards, and a width of between 50 and 100 yards. The rules of play for soccer have deliberately been kept simple (see rules as appendix). The referee makes most of the decisions, and attempts to encourage fair play. A soccer game begins with a kickoff in the center of the field. A coin is flipped to decide which team will kickoff. The other team kicks off at the start of the second half when the teams switch sides or nets. After a team scores the other team gets to kickoff to begin again. The kickoff takes place in the middle of the field. When the ball is kicked it must travel the circumference of the ball and touch another player before the kicker can touch the ball again. .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec , .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec .postImageUrl , .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec , .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec:hover , .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec:visited , .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec:active { border:0!important; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec:active , .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb6583571bfb2f9adf435b0de80595ec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Raisin In The Sun Essay RacismAfter the ball is in play it remains in play unless it crosses a goal line or a touchline. All players attempt to stop the ball from coming in their zone while at the same time trying to score a goal. A player may kick the ball into the net with any part of the body except the hands and arms. If the ball goes out of bounds the play is restarted with a corner kick, a goal kick, or a throw-in. The referee decides what type to use. If the ball crosses the goal line and the defensive team touched it last then there is a corner kick by the offense. If the offense touches the ball last and crosses the goal line then it is a goal kick. A throw in h appens when the ball crosses the touchline. When it crosses the touchline the team that did not touch it last throws the ball in bounds. The ball is thrown over their head with two hands. Fouls are called when a player does not obey the rules and acts un-sportsman like. When a foul is called the opposite team receives either a penalty kick, a direct free kick or and indirect free kick. If the ball is kicked off the field over the length of the field, the other team is given a throw-in, where the ball is thrown over the players head, and back onto the field. If the ball is kicked over the goal, or across the width of the field, either a corner kick results (by the offensive team, where the ball is placed on the corner of the field and kicked into play) or the defensive team is awarded a goal kick, where the ball is placed on the corner of the goal box, and kicked back into play. If a goal is scored, the ball is taken back to the center of the field, and the team scored against kicks off. Other penalties include direct and indirect free kicks, and penalty kicks. For offenses such as shoving and tripping, either a direct free kick (offenses not in the goal box) or a penalty kick (inside the goal box) is awarded. Both allow goals to be made directly from the kicks. If a minor offense is being punished, then an indirect free kick is given, form which a goal cannot be sc ored. Most soccer games have 45-minute halves, and the clocks is not stopped except for injuries or deliberate time wasting. In professional soccer, only three to five substitutions are allowed per half. Generally, more are allowed in lower leagues. There are many exercises that people can do to improve in soccer. Exercises that strengthen your legs and improve flexibility are ideal. Physical conditioning is important if you plan on being good at soccer. Here are five exercises that are ideal for soccer:Running: running helps to improve cardiovascular fitness. In soccer there is lots of running for the ball so endurance and a speed is a must. Leg Stretches: using weights can help strengthen the legs. Using weights makes you kick harder and makes the ball travel farther, as a result you become a better player. Leg Machines: exercising all muscles in the leg makes you kick harder and prevents injury when you are diving all over for the ball. The strong muscles help prevent injuries. Stretching: stretching allows you to be more flexible. Sometimes soccer players need to kick the ball in the most awkward positions. Flexibly helps the player to kick the ball in those positions more effectively. Weight Training: all around weight training makes a soccer player even better. A stronger body helps prevent injury and improve all around performance. Practice Drills help the soccer player be more skillful and a better player. There are many drills that can be done. Drills like dribbling to head butting are often used. Some of these drills include:Practicing kicking the ball is a very important and often done drill. To practice the player will kick the ball into the net. Often there is a goalie that they try to score on. Kicking is the most important skill in soccer. Practicing will make your kick stronger and more controllable. .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 , .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 .postImageUrl , .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 , .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3:hover , .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3:visited , .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3:active { border:0!important; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3:active , .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3 .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u51453548cea1e1bb4dfbfe0aa9c5cba3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marshant Museum Of Art And History EssayPassing is also a very important skill. One drill that can be done is to run side by side with another player and pass the ball back and forth. This skill will improve your passing and receiving skills. Passing is also vital in the game of soccer. Heading is one of the only ways to legally hit the ball when it high in the air. With another player heading can be practiced. One player throws the ball high over top of the other player. The player then will jump up and hit the ball with his forehead and try to control the ball. Heading is very hard and often lots of practice are required. Control of the ball is also very important. By setting up pylons in any order and distance and weaving through them in a pattern like formation can improve your control of the ball. Trying to go quick can also improve your speed of running while dribbling a ball. One on one practice improves both your dribbling and tackling. With two players one is given the ball and must keep the ball away from the other player. While one player is improving his faking and dribbling the other is practicing his defense and tackling. When this drill is done often it can improve your offense as well as defense. Bibliography:

How Saavy Marketers Beat Content Chaos Constant Content

If you’re like many marketers, you’ve been managing your content creation through spreadsheets, email chains, and shared documents. My god, the shared docs†¦ Does this sound familiar: multiple on-going Google Docs a Trello board to track article progress a spreadsheet outlining your publishing schedule various email chains discussing content topics and ideas I call this, â€Å"content chaos.† Fortunately, you don’t have to work like this. If your content creation process involves bouncing between tools like the ones above. Then it’s time to consider using Constant Content. How Constant Content Helps Savvy Marketers Beat Content Chaos Click To Tweet What is Content Chaos? 54% of B2B marketers and 50% of B2C marketers cite â€Å"producing engaging content† as a top challenge. That’s because many of them are still relying on spreadsheets and a handful of other tools to manage their content creation. And while these tools may get the job done, using them can feel like chaos. The cure to content chaos is a platform that simplifies content creation and reduces the number of tools you have to bounce between. The benefits of having everything in one place: Improve your workflow – Organization helps you work more efficiently. And less chaotically. Fewer hack-jobs and workarounds – Being hampered with tedious and inefficient processes is boring, and they open the door for mistakes. Improve communication – When you’re stuck in content chaos, collaboration can feel painful. Enter, Constant Content. This Article Is Just For You†¦ Over the years of working with thousands of clients, we’ve realized that getting the most out of our platform requires knowing how best to use it. So, we put this article together to help you get up-and-running and enjoying the benefits of our collaborative platform as soon as possible. In this article you’ll learn: What is Constant Content? Who is it for? How to become a ConCon master in record time What is Constant Content? If this were a press release, this section would look something like this: Constant Content is a content creation service that specializes in creating high-quality, unique content for businesses. Our easy-to-use, collaborative platform and managed enterprise services allow us to help businesses of any size to scale and improve their content creation. Constant Content connects you with thousands of professional writers able to create articles, ebooks, product descriptions and other assets to tell your brand story, drive SEO and win sales. But in short, Constant Content helps companies simplify their content creation process and produce higher quality content. It’s a platform that makes it easy for companies to find, hire, and manage freelance writers. Who is Constant Content For? Anyone who needs high-quality content†¦ Marketing Teams Marketing teams are busy these days, which makes it difficult to devote the time required to write high-quality content. While you could hire an in-house writer to help, that’s a costly alternative. Hiring freelance writers means you can continue to publish quality content – but your marketing team can focus on other things. Ie. Marketing the content. â€Å"We have used Constant Content to enhance our site’s retail offerings, and have been very pleased with the results. The product copy provided was clear, concise and helpful to our customers, enabling them to better engage with our merchandise and make informed purchasing decisions. Additionally, Constant Content was quickly able to adopt our brand voice and tone, and provide the right type of information in a timely manner. We enjoy a productive relationship with Constant Content.† Robert Douthit Sr. Digital Content Editor, The Home Depot Agencies Agencies have a unique challenge when it comes to content creation. One agency could have clients across a dozen or more industries, so how do they keep up with the demand for content? By working with freelance writers, agencies can find writers with industry expertise and quickly scale the size of their writers up and down as the clients’ demand for content evolves. Small Businesses Online businesses need content. Whether it’s blog posts, social media content, landing copy, product descriptions or otherwise, content fuels your marketing. Constant Content makes it easy for small businesses to get the content needed to support their online presence without the cost or commitment of hiring an in-house writer or agency. â€Å"Constant Content has been a great solution for our company’s large demand for custom content! They are able to work with our unpredictable schedule and provide high quality, custom content on demand. I love how I can communicate with the writers, hand pick my writing team, and manage my requests easily.† Utrip Solopreneurs Starting and growing a business is tough enough. If you’re struggling to keep up with the demand for content while also running your business, hiring a freelance writer may be the way to go. How to Become a Constant Content Master #1 Know Your Goals Before you can sink your teeth into the platform, you need to know your content goals. That’s because your goals will impact how you approach content creation. Let’s look at a couple of examples. Goal 1: Thought Leadership If your goal is to build thought leadership in a highly complex field, then you’ll want to hire a technical writer to produce something long-form and informative. Goal 2: Drive Traffic to an Ecommerce Site If your goal is to drive traffic to an ecommerce store, you might focus on lighter, more engaging content on topics related to your product. Once you know what you’re looking for, the next steps become a lot easier. #2 Check the Catalog The easiest way to start finding great content with Constant Content is by browsing the catalog. You can start by searching for a keyword or phrase and then narrowing it down based on price and word count. At the time of writing this post, we currently have over 42,000 articles with their exclusive rights available for purchase. While only a portion of those articles will be relevant to your business, the breadth and variety of articles in the catalog make it a great starting place. #3 Let Writers Come to You You’re not always going to find the articles you’re looking for in the catalog. Especially if you have something really, really specific in mind. In this case, the best option is to let writers come to you. And you do that with public requests. Public requests are easy to set up and are one of the best ways I suggest people get started with Constant Content. There are two main ways you can approach public requests: casting calls and calls for articles Casting Calls If you have a larger content project and are looking for one or more writers to work with on a more on-going basis, then you probably want to create a casting call. Some info to include in your casting call: The project details (Do you need blog posts or ebooks? How many? Is it an on-going or singular project?) Content details (What that estimated word count?) The target audience Your budget A brief description of the project and what you’re looking for Call for Article On the other hand, if you’re looking for an article on a specific topic and aren’t all that interested in building a team for on-going projects, a call for articles is your best option. With a call for articles, you’re sending out a blast to our writers asking for them to submit the most relevant articles they have on a topic. So, for example, a hardware business could do a call for articles requesting writers to submit their best articles on DIY home improvements. Or a travel blog could call for articles on a specific location. One of the advantages of both casting calls and calls for articles is that there isn’t an obligation to buy anything. This means if the articles submitted aren’t exactly what you’re looking for, then you don’t have to purchase them. Check out how easy it is to create a request for content†¦ #4 Reach Out to Our Top Writers in Your Niche Last but not least, you can browse our top writers by category. If you’re looking for writers that specialize in your industry, head over to the Find Writers page and filter our top writers by the category you’re looking for. From there you can scroll through the list of writer profiles and publishing stats and send messages directly to the ones that match your criteria. Be sure to include your project details, budget, and timeline in the message so writers have enough information to know if your project will be a fit. How to Use Constant Content to Grow Your Business According to a recent study, content marketers say that find the time to produce top-notch content is one of their biggest challenges. In a survey by Statista Research, 61% of respondents surveyed indicated they would be spending their marketing budgets on content creation in 2018. If you too are planning to double-down on content creation this year, Constant Content can help. Customer acquisition and business development via top-quality content outreach are essential for sustained growth. Understanding the numerous ways Constant Content can benefit your company is imperative if you want to maximize the potential of the platform. If you want help building your brand in 2018, consider the following seven ways to use Constant Content this year. Topic Clusters After HubSpot launched topic clusters, website visits to their resource pages shot up by 107%. If you want to put the power of topic clusters to work for your brand, Constant Content can assist. Topic clusters allow you to cover a specific topic in great detail, instead of offering just a blog post or two on the subject. Brands wanting to rank well in search and attract more sales leads, need to give serious thought to incorporating topic clusters into their SEO strategy. On-Demand Writing Teams Constant Content makes it easy to create writing teams of on-demand writers. Discover writers with experience specific to your industry and build tight-knit groups of quality content creators able to craft content for your business on an as-needed basis. Whether you are a startup founder wanting to scale your company to improve traction or a small business owner wanting to attract online customers to your e-commerce site, Constant Content writing teams can help increase eyeballs on your company. Writer Recruiting/Relationship Building Writing teams aren’t your only option if you want to increase your content marketing output. Thanks to Constant Content’s ‘Find a Writer’ function, you can discover and develop business relationships with a specific writer. Find a subject matter expert with experience writing for your industry or search writer bios for keywords relevant to your target market, i.e. drones, SaaS, or artificial intelligence. When you find a content creator with a writing style matching your needs, request custom content from your favorite wordsmith whenever you need. Guest Posts Many Constant Content customers use the platform as part of their guest posting strategy. Whether you want to post a guest article about your small business on a high-traffic site like Business2Community or submit a guest post regarding your startup to a tech blog like TechCrunch or Mashable, Constant Content makes it easy to supercharge your guest posting activities. Request a custom guest post from a specific writer or open a casting call and have multiple writers apply to write for your company. White Papers White papers are exploding in popularity. Everyone from cryptocurrency startups to digital marketing agencies are using white papers to build their brand and increase their lead generation funnel. Constant Content makes it easy to hire white paper writers or discover pre-written white papers ready to attract new customers to your company. E-books E-books are another wonderful way to increase lead generation for your business. Just like with Constant Content’s white paper offerings, you have the option of requesting a custom e-book or purchasing a pre-written e-book for your brand. Purchase a full-rights e-book, and you can sell your new tome, offer it as a free download on your website, or share it with your email newsletter subscribers. Product Descriptions An increasing number of Constant Content clients are using the platform to connect with product description writers for their e-commerce ventures. Whether you need product profiles to improve your online business’ SEO or you want assistance preparing your e-commerce startup for launch, Constant Content can help connect you with experienced product description writers. Your Sanity Awaits†¦ Constant Content has helped over 50,000 businesses improve their content creation and beat content chaos. Learn more about how our content services can simplify your content marketing: Blog writing service SEO content writing service Copywriting service

Cover Letter Sample Applying for Content Editor Job

Cover Letter Sample Applying for Content Editor Job SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips According to author Nick Hornby, "The secret of good writing is to cut it back, pare it down, winnow, chop, hack, prune, and trim, remove every superfluous word, compress, compress, compress." The same could be said to bethe secret of writing good cover letters! Since the writer of this next sample letter is applying for the position of Content Editor, she especially needs toshow strong editingskills in her letter. Read on to see if Leila successfully compresses her cover letter into the most persuasive points. Cover Letter Sample for Content Editor Position Leila Shadi1709 Broderick St.San Francisco, CA 945 May 1, 2016 Mr. Ernie SandersChief Marketing OfficerGlobex Tech55 Valley RoadPalo Alto, CA 95014 Dear Mr. Sanders, I was pleased to find your posting for HeadContent Editorwith Globex Tech on MediaBistro.com. I’ve been following your company for the past several months and would be thrilled to contribute to its mission of engaging IT content with global reach.As a Content Editor with CloudArk, I possess both the editorial expertise to grow readership and the leadership experience to manage a team of writers. Please allow me to highlight my skills as they relate to your stated requirements. As a Content Editor with CloudArk, I have Effectively managed a team of five writers; led bi-weekly strategy meetings; assigned topics and projects and maintained editorial calendar. Increased blog readership from 1,000 unique visitors monthly to 50,000 unique visitors monthly in eight months. Produced several viral campaigns with over 10,000 social media shares. Oversaw creation of a bi-weekly newsletter and daily maintenance of social media channels, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Pinterest. Demonstrated excellent writing, editorial, and marketing skills and thorough knowledge of trends in IT industry. Maintained productive and positive relationships with coworkers characterized by open communication, creative support, and mutual respect. I’m inspired by your mission to create informative and accessibleIT content and have several ideas for editorial directions that I’d love to discuss. I will call you on Monday to see about arranginga meeting. In the meantime, please don’t hesitate to contact me by phone or email. My professional resume and portfolio of writing samples are attached. Thank you for your time, and I look forward to speaking with you soon. Sincerely, Leila Shadi Leila Shadileila.shadi@gmail.com555-555-5555 Leila sounds like she's had a lot of success as a Content Editor. Will a position as Head Editor be next? Content EditorCover Letter: The Breakdown Leila chooses to present her skills and experiences by bullet point in her cover letter. This list format allows her to pare down her qualifications to the essentials and present them in a clear, easy-to-read manner. While you can write out your cover letter, a format like the one Leila uses can also be an effective way to stick out from the crowd. Leila customizes her letter by stating at the beginning that she's been following the prospective company for some time. She gives specific examples of her experiences and uses data to quantify her accomplishments. She also conveys enthusiasm with her proactive call to action at the end of her letter, saying that she'll call on Monday to set up a meeting. This language can be useful for some jobs, though applicants should carefully consider whether the hiring manager might perceiveit as pushy. Overall, Leila has produced a clear cover letter that highlights her professional achievements as they relate to the new job. The bullet point format allows her to cut down unnecessary wordiness and get straight to the heart of what she wants to say. In addition to the bullet point format, Leila also usestraditional headers in her letter. Should you add those headers to your cover letter, too? A Note on Format While the sample cover letter above uses a traditional format with headers and a signature, your cover letter doesn't necessarily have to. If you're sending your letter as a Word attachment or hard copy, then these headers are a nice touch, especially if they match the formatting on your resume. Lots of organizations, though, expect you to send your cover letter in the body of an email or a text box on their application websites. As both of these modes tend to use plain text, you usually don't need to dress up your cover letter with headers or any extra formatting. You can just start right in with the salutation. If you're not including your email and phone number in a header, then you should probably make sure you add it in your conclusion. Make sure the hiring manager can clearly see how to contact you. Once you've figured out formatting, you can focus the rest of your energy on filling your cover letter with impressive content! What's Next? Care for another sample? Click here to read a cover letter for the position of Customer Experience Representative with an eyeglass company. Are you looking for more cover letters? Check out our full cover letter guide with writing tips and five more samples. If you're writing a cover letter, you should check out our cover letter template. This guide has tips for format, structure, and foolproof phrases, and it leads you through each step of the writing process.

The Law of Torts for Protection the Interests of the Other People Essay

The Law of Torts for Protection the Interests of the Other People - Essay Example The issue in this research is that Mark dug a certain portion of his yard to build a wall around his front garden. During the process, heavy rain disturbed him and he did not bother to cover the exposed area and a heap of rubble falls into the street. Dick is hit by some stones and is injured on his leg. On the other hand, Laura, Dick’s mother suffers a nervous breakdown after seeing Dick’s injuries. Tony who was riding his scooter down the street fell and broke his arm when hit by some rubble from the open pit. Jacque who was on the other side of the road assisted Tony after the accident and she was later infected with a rare form of blood poisoning which is caused by bacteria found in the soil. From the above scenario, it can be observed Dick, Laura, Tony, and Jacque have rights to file a lawsuit against Mark who is liable for the tort of negligence. In order for the plaintiffs in the above-mentioned scenarios to win their cases, they must prove to the courts that Mar k owed them a duty care and that duty of care has been breached. In order to prove the existence of daycare duty, some conditions should prevail as illustrated by the case of Capiro Industries vs. Dickman. These conditions include foreseeability, proximity as well as reasonability. The occupiers also owe a duty care to ensure that all people who enter their premises are not injured even the trespassers. However, duty care does not always exist hence these factors need to be taken into account. Broadly speaking, some situations are foreseeable to any reasonable person before they embark on a particular action. Â  From the above case scenario, it can be noted that Mark was not reason enough to leave the excavated area unprotected. As illustrated in the case of Hackshaw v. Shaw, occupiers have a duty care to all who pass through their places even trespassers. It can also be seen that it was foreseeable that a storm was building and Mark was not likely to complete his job on time. The element of proximity also exists where Mark excavated an area that was close to the road. As such, it is advisable that Dick, Laura, Tony, and Jacque take legal action against Mark since they can prove to the court that Mark’s actions have been negligent and have led to their injuries. Reasonable people usually do not behave the way Mark acted. Â  

Ethical Issues and Application of Ethics Theories Case Study

Ethical Issues and Application of Ethics Theories - Case Study Example Similarly, Carly also wants to show the work of young artists in his museum as it was a success in a museum in London. This will affect both Z museum and Carly as a successful show will increase the rating of the museum and will help them become a popular place. Similarly, Carly will also benefit by controlling a successful museum as his standing and worth will increase. The other stakeholder in the case is Jeremy Q. Jeremy Q is going donate a good sum of money to museum in an attempt to increase recognition in the corporate sector, which will give him chance to attract a corporate sponsorship for his collections. So, he may also be affected greatly by the success of the show. M's will also not remain unaffected by the show. They have been forced to become a stakeholder by the persuasion of Jeremy and Carly. Both have offered them to use their services in future if they sponsor the show. This means future financial gains for M's if show becomes a success. Similarly, young painters wi ll get exposure and there may be a change that the success of their painting in the show may lead them to fame. These were some of the stakeholders and how ethical or operational issues impact these stakeholders. According to Manuel Velasquez, Teleology theory states that what make an action good or wrong are the consequences of that action. For example, a "right action" always leads to right consequences and vice versa. In our case, all the stakeholders were working for their own benefits. For example, Jeremy wanted publicity and corporate sponsorship for his collections. Similarly M's wanted more business opportunities in the future and Carly wanted to enhance his reputation. In surge of their own benefits, all the stakeholders were working for the success of Z museum. However, according to Teleology theory, this self-interest is justified as long as the final target is achieved, that is the success of Z museum. However, if the Museum fails to put on a great show, the actions of these stakeholders would be classified as unethical or wrong actions, as suggested by this theory. Similarly, Manuel Velasquez defines Deontology theory as "it is not the consequences but the motivation behind thes e actions that determine the actions right or wrong". In our case everyone was lacking the real spirit and working for their self-interest or personal success (2009). Hence, their actions, according to deontology theory were wrong as they were not working for the success of the Museum, which was the main target, but instead everyone was seeking growth in his own personal stature. However, one cannot classify this behavior as truly negative behavior. According to Shaw, egoism theory sets the personal achievement and pleasure as the main goal for one's actions. The behavior of the stakeholders can be justified if their actions are viewed in the light of this theory. The director was working for his growth in reputation, Jeremy for his publicity, M's for future business. All of them were indirectly putting their efforts for the success of the show at the Museum. Their actions are justified by the egoism and Teleogical theories but, their actions cannot be considered as totally ethical under deontology (2005). In order to analyze the costs and benefits of these actions to Z

Existentialism and Humanistic Psychology Essay Example for Free

Existentialism and Humanistic Psychology Essay Angst, in the very nature of its use in Existentialism, is a state of being that is not completely negative in itself as common people might think. In a more positive sense, I believe angst is the full recognition of one’s freedom. Angst is the result of one’s realization that he is free and that nothing will ever hold him back. It becomes negative because once a person gets a deeper understanding of how free he is, he tends to fear that he might not be able to do things right and since nothing is holding him back, there is nothing to blame in case he fails. In short, angst is â€Å"fear of the nothing† (Park, 1999). It is different from normal fear which comes from the environment and has an object and a possible solution. For example, I fear spiders so I stay away from dusty and old places. The object of the fear is ‘spiders’ and the solution is to ‘stay away from dusty and old places’. In angst, the fear comes from within and there is basically neither object nor solution. There is only angst. And that is what makes angst a terrible state. I think it is very difficult to feel this way because it is like asking questions with no answers. And if ever I get into this terrible state, I think will do one thing: convince myself to believe that there is nothing to fear and that I have my family who will accept me no matter what. Meanwhile, the whole concept of Humanistic Psychology (the American version of Existentialism, I’ve read) interests me in a special way. The different theories of Rogers, Maslow, Csikszentmihalyi, among others that I learned from Chapter 13 gave me a step by step understanding into the inquiry of my existence. I can’t conclude though that they all are right but certainly, they provide interesting thoughts worth pondering (especially Rogers’ 19 Propositions). The humanistic theories they present are different from the ones we learned in previous chapters because they focus on the experiences of the human person rather than on things that are inherent or already existing such as biology, genes, or hidden motives. This means that since the theories of Humanists such as Rogers and Maslow focus on continuing experience of the person, they give a more positive approach knowing that these experiences that shape a person can vary depending on how he reacts to events. In a simpler way, while Bem’s theories seem to say â€Å"Your mother has cancer so you will have cancer, too. It’s in the blood† humanists say â€Å"Your mother has cancer. With the right attitude and lifestyle, you can prevent having cancer yourself. † Humanists are a lot friendlier. I agree with these humanists, for the most part at least. I agree with the general thought of a person’s experience shaping his personality. However, there is one thing I personally disagree based on experience. Rogers said that â€Å"this outcome [fully functioning person] could only occur for individuals who had received unconditional positive regard from the important people in their lives† (Funder, 2007). I disagree with this because I know some people who, despite suffering from neglect from the people they love, still feel good about themselves and have great personalities. On the other hand, I give my nod to Maslow when he said â€Å"higher needs such as self-actualization could come to the fore only after more basic needs related to survival and security became satisfied† (Funder, 2007). I personally believe self-fulfillment is a hierarchy and a continuing process. Thoughts on Punishment and Efficacy Theory â€Å"Punishment is a useful technique of operant conditioning if it is applied correctly, which it almost never is† (Funder, 2007). I am especially caught by the last phrase of the quote: it almost never is. I think punishment is something that is very tricky. It is difficult to use in the appropriate way but if you get it right, bingo! It is very effective. What’s wrong with punishment is when one uses it in the wrong way. Self-Efficacy has always been my thing from the start, but I never realized it until I learned about it from our discussion. I have always been a positive thinker even amidst hard times. My working in Intel gives me new challenges every day and because of my belief that I can do all the demands of work, I accomplish them well. I live by the adage â€Å"Believe in yourself because if you don’t, nobody else will†. With this, I get more confidence to push on higher.

Voice of Houstons Past :: essays papers

Voice of Houstons Past For most of American history, African-Americans have been considered and treated as inferiors. Their folksongs and tales have been benignly looked upon as harmless, meaningless expressions of a dull-witted race whose only contribution to American life was a strong back and a weak mind. Even after the Civil War, the ingrown prejudices continued to relegate the freedmen to the bottom rung of a strict caste ladder. Their folklore was repeatedly ignored or belittled. Only since the coming of black awareness, pioneered by men like W. Dubois and Frederick Douglas, has the African American community realized that their culture is uniquely American and singularly important to the understanding and establishment of the American cultural and artistic scene. It is one of the few elements of their heritage that they can look back on and recognize as valuable in America's development. This is the essence of the black folksongs, stories, and art; they fill a void and force recognition of the African American contribution. These superstitions and folklore from the past demonstrate the influences wielded upon African Americans of today, as well as pave the way for a new form of folklore, which is told through art. In order to effectively illustrate the progression and correlation of early African American folklore and the emergence of a new breed of artist, a specific group of artist all utilizing the same type of art form will be discussed. Therefore, the focus of this paper will be on recent African American artist in Houston, Texas; all of whom utilize place-specific art to convey their images and messages. Before discussing the current art movement, it is vital to understand the history of the superstitions and folklore which are the inspiration for Houston's place-specific art. A Brief History of African American Superstition and Folklore Since their arrival on American soil, African Americans have contributed to our collective culture. Their songs, poems, stories, spirituals, and proverbs, while at times reinforcing the white theory of supremacy, gave them a foundation of identity that was passed from generation to generation. The ghost stories and superstitions are probably the best known examples of early black culture. This is because white men used them as a means to prove the black's innate inferiority to whites. They ignored the obvious fact; all cultures posses similar superstitions, even their own. The problem in collecting and evaluating black folklore is the misinterpretation and lack of understanding of early black dialects. "We must read the transcriptions with some care and occasionally wonder what the white man did when they were confronted by sounds strange to their ears; some tried to transcribe the actual sound, but others, assuming

Generation gap Essay

When we talk about thinking, then in today’s fast changing scenario, the younger generation become more practical, more wild, more assertive and ambitious then the older generation. Now days, â€Å"Success† become a buzz word in between the younger generation and younger generation is trying to achieve this word at any cost. Now, the question is arises that â€Å"What is the major reason behind this deep difference?† Lots of conclusions are also there but I think over ambition, greed of money, glamour world attraction is the major reasons behind this difference. Due to these reasons, we have to face lots of problems like suicide rates have gone up, which is a matter of concern. The crime rate is also going on and it is done by between 16 to 22 years old younger children’s, which is not good at all. In most of the crimes we found that most of the students or children have done crime in the first time of their life. This is not good news at all. The cut thro at competition encourages our younger peoples to develop the new strategies to take instant decisions, and decide their own future direction as they want. There is no sense of satisfaction and contentment in young generation. Now, if we are talking about older generation then in earlier, the fame, money and satisfaction was come with their maturity level and with their age also. Older generation have more practical experience. â€Å"Famous Today, Forgotten Tomorrow† is the main aim of today’s generation. I think, this topic is an everlasting topic and a very long topic which give a lot of conclusion. We can’t deny the age factor and the age difference also but there are some factors that are responsible like today’s easy made life make younger generation life so easy. They (young people) can easily know what is the current affair, who is online, what are new invention and many more. I admit that sometime the younger generation becomes more over board but it is also important for them to respect their older generation thoughts. So, I can safely said that younger generation is far ahead than their previous generation isn’t.

LITERATURE REVIEW of the Behavioral Aspects of SHRM - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2921 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? In this chapter I will draw upon the behavioral perspective of SHRM , social exchange theory and organizational support theory to provide a framework for examining the mediating process between human resource practices and organizational performance. 2.2 Evolution of Strategic Human Resource Management: The history of Human Resource Management, as we know it today, may be traced back to the Human Relations approach which is based on well-known Hawthorne Studies. These studies, conducted by the researchers from Harvard Business School and the Western Electric Company suggested that positive employee attitudes can be better achieved through communication and recognition. Human relations perspective called on managers to go beyond fulfilling just economic needs of the workers and show their interest in employee welfare. The first use of term Human Resource is attributed to Peter Drucker . It emphasized the investment in employees and argued that such investment will benefit both employees and the organization . Based on the Theory Y of McGregor , and the work of Argyris and Maslow, it was thought that organizational actions taken to develop employee skills would help employees meet their higher level needs which would, in turn, result in positive work outcomes . Current human reso urce practices such as High Involvement Work Practices (HIWS), job enrichment, etc. are still influenced by these theoretical arguments. Though, in the early part of the 1980s the term Human Resource Management was used as a synonym to Personnel Management and was more concerned about administrative tasks of recruitment, selection, and performance appraisal, the later part of it witnessed a rise in interest to use HR as one of the key sources of competitiveness . As noted by Wright and McMahan the decade of 1980s has seen an increasing interest in the strategic management of organizations ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ Strategic human resource management (SHRM) has been defined as the pattern of planned human resource deployments and activities intended to enable an organization to achieve its goals. Strategic HRM theorists assert that a firms competitiveness can be improved by effective use of its human resources. In the last two decades a commendable mass of such studies h ave gathered which demonstrated significant gains from efficient use of people resources. Such gains include increase in productivity, profitability and customer satisfaction . Different theoretical frameworks are proposed by various researchers in an effort to explain the relationship between an organizations resources, including human resources, and its performance. Wright and McMahan proposed a conceptual model (figure 2-1) depicting various relationships which may occur within strategic HRM framework. These include resource based view , behavioral perspective , cybernetic systems , transaction cost theory , and resource dependence/power models among others. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "LITERATURE REVIEW of the Behavioral Aspects of SHRM" essay for you Create order Figure 2-1: A Conceptual Model of Theoretical Frameworks for Studying Strategic Human Resource Management adopted from Wright and McMahan Institutional/ Political Forces Firm Strategy Firm-Level Outcomes (Performance, Satisfaction, etc.) HR Capital Pool (Skills, Abilities) HR Behaviors HRM Practices The model depicts relationship between various firm level variables including strategy, human resource practices, HR capital and employee behavior and proposes that their interaction leads to the performance. It is an effort to put together the major theoretical frameworks for understanding the nature of SHRM. It is important to note that despite various organizational factors working on each other, all the firm-level outcomes including performance, satisfaction and absenteeism leads from HR or simply employees behavior. Thus, the role of employee behavior cannot be undermined in any discussion linking HRM practices with firm performance. 2.3 Behavioral Perspective While some other strategic theories of HRM, e.g. resource-based view or agency/transaction cost theory have their roots in fields like organizational economics, transaction-cost economics and strategic management, the behavioral perspective, put forward by Schuler and Jackson and Jackson, Schuler, and Rivero , is one of the original and more popular theoretical models used in the SHRM literature. . Rooted in contingency theory , the behavioral perspective emphasizes the mediating role of employee behavior between strategy-performance relationship. This perspective views human resource practices as the tools to control and guide employees behavior in order to achieve desired organizational objectives. As the nature and type of behavior required from employees differs among the organizations depending upon their goals so will be the HR practices required to elicit those behaviors. Schuler and Jacksons model linking human resource practices with organizational strategies is a class ic example of behavioral perspective. Building on Porters competitive strategies, they argued that different type of strategies, e.g. innovation, quality enhancement, and cost reduction, need different types of employee behavior. They noted that there must be a rationale for linking HR practices and strategy, and that the rationale is employee role behavior. For any strategy to be successfully implemented it must be preceded by specific desired employee behavior, thus desired employee behavior for innovation strategy will be different from one required for cost reduction strategy, so on and so forth. Schuler while differentiating between HR philosophy, HR policies, HR programs, HR process and HR practices proposed that while all former expresses the objectives, values and culture of the organization, it is only the later, i.e. HR practices, that motivate employees to elicit role behaviors needed to implement various organizational strategies. A second example of behavioral per spective may be found in the work of Miles and Snow who provided a description of different types of behaviors required for different types of strategies. They stated that different types of employee behavior will be required for strategy types of defenders, analyzers and prospectors and that these different types of behavior entails different types of human resource practices. Although they do not highlighted the exact nature of role behavior required for different types of strategies, nevertheless, they assumed depending upon the skills and knowledge required to implement different strategies, different employee behavior will be required for each strategy. It is pertinent to note that behavioral perspective theorists are not concerned about the role of employees knowledge, skills and abilities (SKAs) required for the implementation of organizational strategies as they focus only on their behavior. Nevertheless, it is not to say that they assume SKAs of the employees irrelevant to the achievement of the organizational objectives, rather the rationale developed is based on what is needed from employees apart from the specific technical skills, knowledges, and abilities (SKAs) required to perform a specific task . The behavioral perspective, assumes that the purpose of various employment practices is to elicit and control employee attitudes and behaviors . Figure 2-2 depicts the role of behavioral perspective in understanding the mediating process between an organizations HR practices and its performance. Figure 2-2: Behavioral Approach to Strategic Human Resource Management Results In Elicit/Control Organizational Performance Human (Employee) Behavior Human Resource Practices Although researchers like Schuler and Jackson , Jackson, Schuler and Rivero and Miles and Snow have advocated that different set of HR practices are required to elicit different role-behaviors, their discussions fell short of describing the mechanism through which personnel practices are supposed to transform into employee-behavior. Social exchange theory provides us an appropriate framework to understand such mechanism. 2.4 Social Exchange Theory Social exchange theory (SET) is one of the most important theoretical perspectives for examining why employees behave in a particular manner in any organizational settings. Put forward by Blau , social exchange theory asserts that employer and employee not only transact tangible resources as money and service rather they also exchange intangible resources as respect and support . Thus any model building effort aimed at explicating the HRP-Behavior-Performance mechanism shall integrate the social exchange theory into its model. Taking individual member of organization (i.e. single employee) as level of analysis Gouldner analyzed the reciprocation of perceptions that takes place between employees and employers. Gouldner called such reciprocation of perceptions norm of reciprocity, a notion due to which organizational treatments (care, rewards etc.) met an equitable response (work-behavior) from the employee. As Wayne, Shore, and Liden noted, employees seek a balance in their exchange relationships with organizations by having attitudes and behaviors commensurate with the degree of employer commitment to them as individuals. Although variation exists in emphasis upon exact focus of social exchange phenomenon a common theme underlying all these variables is that organizational performance is influenced by the equity perception of employee about his/her input into and output from organization and that this input/output may not be necessarily exclusively measurable in terms of money. These variables include perceived organizational support , leader-member exchange and psychological contract . In addition to above constructs which are used as proxy for social exchange, variables like organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment have been used to measure the affective reactions of employees towards the organization. In a nutshell social exchange theory is a dominant theoretical framework used to understand that how organizational human resourc e practices translates into its performance. Following figure highlights the role of social exchange theory as a mediating mechanism between a firms HR practices and its performance. Figure 2-3: HR Practices-Performance relationship from Social Exchange Perspective Variables Used to Capture Notion of Norm of Reciprocity felt by employee Perceived Organizational Support Leader-Member Exchange Organizational Citizenship Behavior Employee tries to Balance Input from Organization and Output to Organization Organizational Performance (Contribution by Employee) Organizational HR Practices (Commitment to Employee) 2.5 Conceptualization of the Organizational Performance Organizational performance outcomes may be categorized as employee outcomes (e.g. commitment, absenteeism), organizational outcomes (e.g. service quality, customer satisfaction), financial outcomes (e.g. return on assets) and market outcomes (e.g. Tobin Q) . These researchers suggested a causal chain within these outcomes such that human resource practices shall first influence employee attitudes and behavior before we could expect to notice their impact on more distant organizational, financial and market outcomes of the firm. It further suggests that organizational outcomes must precede financial and market outcomes. However, while financial (e.g. return on assets) and market (e.g. market value of the stock) outcomes of the firm are much affected by surrounding economic, legal and political environments, the organizational outcomes like customer satisfaction is to a greater degree dependent upon employee attitudes and behavior per se than on surrounding conditions. Furthermore , the failure of firms like Enron, WorldCom, Railtrack and Parmalat signals extreme caution about the use of financial and market measures while ascertaining firms sustainability. In fact Boxall and Purcell very rightly suggested the use of other than financial and market indicators for measuring organizations long-term health. It has been argued that the use of more proximal outcome indicators in investigating HR-performance relationship is theoretically more plausible. Thus, keeping in view the recent recommendations of the researchers and turbulent economic and political environment of the globe today it makes much more sense to investigate more proximal relationship between human resource practices and customer satisfaction than trying to investigate the more distant link between HR practices and firms financial or market performance which is very much bound to be affected by the organizations external environment. Nevertheless, despite the calls from researchers about the pl ausibility and usefulness of investigating the relationship between human resource practices and more proximal organizational outputs, such as customer satisfaction (CS), to date very few empirical studies are conducted to answer such calls. Boselie, Dietz, Boon in their review of 104 articles linking HR practices and firm performance observed that, given HRMs supposed business driven focus, it was surprising to find outcomes from customers point of view very much a minority concern, featuring in just two articles (Gelade and Ivery, 2003; Rogg et al, 2001). Both these articles have focused on climate as the mediating mechanism between human resource practices and customer satisfaction. Although most of the theoretical models put forward to explain the HR-performance linkage have recognized employee attitudes and behaviors as mediating variables , such mediatory mechanism was not tested in the context of human resource practices-customer satisfaction relationship until recent. Ni shii, Lepak, Schneider is the first study to empirically test the effect of human resource practices on customer satisfaction through their influence on employee outcomes. Further, building on Bowen Ostroff and Wright Nishii they argued that employees perceptions of HR practices play important role in formation of their attitudes and consequent behaviors. Similarly, Pugh, Dietz, Wiley, Brooks argued that in order to identify drivers of customer-oriented employee behavior, more attention should be paid to the role of employees perception in service-profit chain. However, instead of measuring employee perceptions about organizational HR practices and linking them to employee outcomes, they have taken a different path by analyzing the employees attributions for why the HR practices exist and the role of such attribution in eliciting employee attitude and behavior. As such, the influence of employees perception of HR practices on customer satisfaction, as well as the process through which such influence occurs, still remains largely unexplored, and thus a gap in literature exists on this account. This research is an attempt to fill this gap. 2.6 The Role of Employee Perceptions in Social Exchange Process As already noted in the first chapter, social exchange theorists consider employment a social exchange in which both the parties, i.e. employer and employee, transacts intangible resources like respect and support in addition to the tangible resources of money and service . Further, in an organizational setting the norm of reciprocity will imply that if organizations treat their employees well, they will reciprocate by eliciting attitudes and behavior (collectively referred as employee outcome) required for attainment of organizational goals and objectives. This brings us to conclusion that employee outcomes are result of their perceptions about the extent to which their organization cares about their wellbeing and value their contribution. For instance, researchers have found positive relationship between human resource practices employed by an organization and perceived organizational support (POS) felt by its employees . In this case perceived organizational support (POS) is the variable used to capture the notion of social exchange in employer-employee relationship. Of all the constructs used by the researchers to capture the notion of social exchange in a work-setting, perceived organizational support (POS) encapsulates the theme better than any other variable operating at individual level of analysis. POS has been defined as employees perceptions about the degree to which the organization cares about their well-being and values their contribution . Organizations signal their commitment towards employee well-being and recognition through the implementation of various human resource practices. Nevertheless, before an employee responds to a particular HRM practices, it must be first perceived and interpreted by him/her. Nishii, et al noted that, . . . in order for HR practices to exert their desired effect on employee attitudes and behaviors, they first have to be perceived and interpreted subjectively by employees in ways that will engender such att itudinal and behavioral reactions. Similarly, Allen, Shore, Griffeth observed that, Employees may not always perceive the objective existence of certain practices as the organization intends. While several studies have reported human resource practices to be significant antecedent of POS , very few have studied the role of employees perceptions of HR practices as antecedent of perceived organizational support. Therefore, it is both necessary and important to incorporate the role of employees perception in any model trying to examine the relationship between firms HR practices and its performance. Figure 2-4: Overall Theoretical Framework Explicating Behavioral Perspective of Strategic Human Resource Management through the lens of Social-Exchange Relationship POS as Social- Exchange Relationship Organizational HR Practices Organization treating employee Perceived Organizational Support Firms HR activities are first perceived and interpreted by employees before being reciprocated in the form of required role-behavior Employee Outcome Employee Outcome as reciprocation to firms HR practice Organizational Outcome Desired employee behavior resulting in Performance 2.7 Review of Literature related to the Theoretical Framework No empirical study to date has examined the specific linkages between human resource practices, employee perceptions of HR practices and customer satisfaction as organizational performance indicator in the manner theorized in the framework of this study. Nevertheless previous studies have investigated the relationship between HR practices and employee outcomes like organizational commitment and customer-oriented behavior as well as organizational outcomes like customer satisfaction. For example, Rogg and colleagues have examined the relationship between human resource practices and customer satisfaction and have reported a strong positive relationship between the two variables. Another study by Moynihan et al has also revealed that significant positive relationship exists between customer satisfaction and personnel practices employed by the organization. More recently, Nishi et al have found that employees attribution of HR practices are strongly related to unit-level customer sati sfaction. However, none of the aforementioned studies have examined the mediating role of employee perceptions of HR practices and organizational support as mediating mechanism between HRM practices and customer satisfaction. Some researchers have investigated the relationship between human resource practices and employee-outcomes. For instance, Peccei and Rosenthal found that employee empowerment is positively related to employees customer oriented behavior. Another study have found HR practices of participation in decision making, fairness of rewards and growth opportunities to be positively related to the employees turnover intentions and actual turnover . Similarly, pay level satisfaction and career development opportunities were found to be significantly related to employees organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior . However, these studies did not investigate the role of such outcomes as organizational commitment and customer oriented behavior on the level of customer satisfaction. Thus it is unclear that whether the level of employees commitment and customer oriented behavior play a mediating role in the HR practices and customer satisfaction linkages or not. Thus, in addition to investigating the mediating role of employees perception and outcomes of affective commitment and customer oriented behavior, one of the major contributions of this study will be to analyze the relationship between human resource practices and organizational performance through the behavioral lens.