Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Management - Essay warningThe first one mainly includes a positive approach, which mainly strives for objectivity, rather than characteristics of the research approach. Here notwithstanding knowledge that can be observed and measured is obtained through various research instruments like questionnaires or surveys, and information devoid of such characteristics is neglected. The idea or phenomenon, which can be studied as a lucid extension of it is neglected. They believe that the goal of science, whether it be social or natural, is to describe everything that can be experienced. Their aim is to provide explanation leading to control and predictability. Qualitative methods are subjective it focuses on the logical explanation of the data collected. In this process, investigations are carried out in depth about a subject to understand the human behaviour and the reason behind the action. These methods include personal interview, group or hit-or-miss group interview, projective techn iques, participant observation, ethnography, case studies, photography and storytelling. It includes subjective, interpretive, hermeneutic, and introspective and post modern abridgment of data collected, steady if they are measurements. Third one includes the combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. But the important realization is that disrespect of the differences in the propositions and assumptions that underlie quantitative versus a quantitative approach or views of the nature of the organizations, in humanity the approach applied will be directed by the research goal and objective (Du Plooy, 2004, P. 37). The motive also talks about the future needs as well as the advantages and disadvantages concerning these methods. According to him, there should be an advanced method for evaluating and finding out the... This paper approves that the puzzle statement under analysis is Employers would like to improve the value of their employees kick the bucket contribut ion and this report is directed towards the line manager. The analysis of this problem is done by using the 7 microscope stage Check land Soft Systems Methodology. The 7 stage Check land Soft Systems Methodology has been used in the process. The methods that prove to helpful to employers who want to ontogenesis employees work contribution are also stated here. Finally, solutions and recommendations for the employers regarding the issue have also been brought to light for a better analysis of the problem and immediate riddance of it. According to the paper incorporating fairness in rewards and stemma conditions in the organization, which appeal to the employee. Behaving to them in a fair and caring attitude with respect to rewards and job conditions, which when do known to them will act as a boost to improve their work contribution. It come to the remainder that incorporating new training measures, which can increase the work contribution of employees so that employees learn the job better. On job as well as off job training can improve their work contribution.

Opportunity cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Opportunity woo - Essay ExampleOpportunity cast squeeze out them be defined as the act of forfeiting acquisition of a product or a service for usance while in the same breadth opting for another that according to the prevailing circumstances you believe can best satisfy your need. Opportunity cost then is reached by an individual after weighing each the options in a circumstance and opting for only one, in this sense, it can be appreciated that the opportunity cost comes with the aspect of choice and scarcity in equal measure.The concept of the opportunity cost is a sexual climax of the major economic problem which involves the invariably limited resources in the society and that needs to satisfy the ever increasing unlimited demand for the products and services. Economists thence are faced with the problem of deciding what product to be produced in what quantity by the limited recourses available to satisfy an envisaged demand. Opportunity cost can besides take the aspect of time demand and supply is all dependants and is affected by the time and thus opportunity cost can be effectively applied in reference to time (Ojediran 114). The flick clip that was view and summarized in this paper explains the sense of opportunity cost. It considers the opportunity cost of travelling from claim collage to Florida during spring break engaging a bus and the other engaging a plane.In the in-depth explanation of how to calculate the opportunity cost, Dirk takes his class through an integrated determination of opportunity cost by using empirical figures to clearly and vividly connote the essence of opportunity cost. He asks the class to go down the variables that will be considered in when gauging the opportunity cost of travelling from state collage to Florida and he sophisticated two options a plane and a bus. He gets the response from the students that cost of the journey with reference to the two

Response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

answer - Assignment Examplead guilty and pay a probation fine (that some government departments ar probably waiting on) or stay in the prison house and go to the trial, which most of the masses bay windownot afford. They ar living on day jobs, if they stay in the prison, they cant make their daily honorarium and if they have kids back lieu who are waiting on them to bring food, no one can afford to stay in the prison. That was exactly the case with Erma Faye Stewart. She had a sick child at home and she had to gamble on whether she wanted to fight the US justice system by staying in prison or take the plea and pay probation fine, she chose the latter. But after of all told this, the case was dismissed 5 months later on the grounds that the informants evidence was worthless and he lied to the butterfly. contempt of this revelation, the court didnt help the accused to clear their name as Regina Kelly, the other victim of this injustice, asked the court to state an apology but the court refused. The judge said that hes sure that all 27 people that went to trial were guilty its just that the court didnt have any(prenominal) hard evidence. The question arises, the informant lied to the court. If that has been established, the court must have paid punitive modify to the people in trial for the damage the court had done by keeping them from their work and apart from their family. But nothing of such kind happened. Throughout the video, invariablyy attorney and every judge is a white male even the person who was defending Stewart was a white person. Only black people that appeared in the video were the people being tried. Racial discrimination cannot be dismissed when the lawyer denies having ever represented the case of Erma

Is a woman's earning potential equal to that of a man Research Paper

Is a womans earning potential equal to that of a man - Research Paper ExampleVariations in levels of income necessitate been an inhalant for much empirical inquiry and debate ever since the mid nineteenth century. In addition, statistics and figures for analyzing variations in income levels contract since increased in availability. Many factors affect the earnings that individuals make, including level of education, gender, race, social backgrounds, and occupational differences. In studies to wind off discrepancies in annual incomes in the midst of workforce and women, a significant portion of the difference remains incomprehensible and highly controversial. Many researchers attribute the unexplained variation to gender discrimination in the workplace, although numerous research efforts try to explicate the particular elements that contribute to the unexplained variation. This report focuses on determining whether women and men have any significant differences in their annual incomes for determinate years of education. Introduction The advances feminist movements have do a significant contribution to the income parity for men and women over the last few decades. The income gap for women and men started to decrease or significantly in the 70s. For 1980 to 1990, income disparity stood at 60.2% and 71.6%, a 3.4% increase.From 1990 to 2000, the turn was from 71.6% and 73.7%, a change of 2.1%. From 2000 to 2010, the ratio of women to mens income rose from 73.7% to 77%, a 3.3% upsurge.However, significant differences still abound in the income levels between men and women, especially for high paying jobs. ... Up to bachs level, the years of education are to a greater extent determinable, but for masters and PhD degree programs. According to a research by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, analyzing the income anomalies between women and men, the comparisons were against level of education or years of learning. Income levels and years of learning for women (US Census Bureau, 1) educational activityal Level age of Education Womens Income luxuriously School 12 21,117 Some College 14 25,185 Bachelors 16 36,532 Masters 18 45,730 Doctorate 20 54,666 Income levels and years of education for men (US Census Bureau, 1) Educational Level days of Education Mens Income High School 12 32,085 Some College 14 39,150 Bachelors 16 52,265 Masters 18 67,123 Doctorate 20 78,324 A comparison in income levels for men and women (US Census Bureau, 14) Educational Level Years of Education Mens Income Womens Income Average Income Women as a % of Mens 1 High School 12 32,085 21,117 26,601 65.8% 2 Some College 14 39,150 25,185 32,168 64.3% 3 Bachelors 16 52,265 36,532 44,399 69.9% 4 Masters 18 67,123 45,730 56,427 68.1% 5 Doctorate 20 78,324 54,666 66,495 69.8% Background on the topic of years of education and annual income The number of years of learning a person has considerably affects a persons annual income level. As the number of years of education incre ases, the income also increases, although inherent differences still exist within these differences. For instance, persons with a bachelors degree tend to earn almost double the incomes of high school graduates. According to a 2005 study on income and gender by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (US Bureau of Labor Statistics 2), women of similar educational levels with men earned significantly less in comparison to their male

Ethics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics - Coursework ExampleThis may cause unhealthy conflict among the team members who may not be comfort up to(p) with the scrutiny and tightness that results from this kind of thinking.Understanding whizs preferences as a leader are important in helping gift healthy leader-subjects relationship. It is a part of the self-awareness that is known to pull in a bridge between people with diametric personalities. Diversity being an expected shot of teams and organization, understanding and being able to control ones thinking preferences makes one an engaging and respecting the leader (Marcic & Daft, 2013). When, for instance, a leader knows that he or she prefers imaginative thinking, they will be able to control it in such a way that it does not affect their focus on reality.In stirred intelligence, a leader cigarette focus attention on the most important aspect of leader-subject relationship this is the emotional congruence and relationship. Any leadership process involves in teracting with people at various levels. These interactions create emotions on the side of the leader as well as on the side of the subjects. According to Hughes et al. (2011), emotional intelligence does not only entail discriminating or learning about the emotions of other peoples moreover self-awareness is an important principle. With self-awareness, the leader is able to focus on the personal emotions and feelings and hence align directly with the expectations of the subjects plot still maintaining a cordial but professional relationship (Hughes et al., 2011).With self-regulation, an attribute of emotional intelligence, the leaders can successfully identify their personal values and those of their subjects. This develops within the relationship the notion of being accountable and knowing the limits of one another. The importance of this is that there is self-restraint from within the leadership structure and between the

Hypothesis Identification Article Analysis Essay - 2

guesswork Identification Article Analysis - Essay ExampleThis hypothesis holds that if the European central bank lends silver to subsidiary banks at times no one can led go forth ensure that niggling money is released in the European economy and as a result the currency bequeath hitch up its value and protect the country from inflation, .(Forest &Edward124) this measure will stabilize the euro and the economic growth and development will be realized since investors in global markets will reduce their imports and hence the supply will be low thus demand will be very high. The hypothesis explains that forces of demand and supply will be tamed.This hypothesis is reffered to as positive hypothesis, from the article this was rejected at the expense of the futile hypothesis. The null hypothesis holded because the research findings proved that if the European central bank becomes the lender of the delay result it whitethorn not safeguard the value of the euro. (Forest &Edward117)The implication on the rejection of this hypothesis was on the grounds that, the lender of the last result does not underwrite the financial risk consequences and that the policy is effectively an efficient subsidy system.(Forest

Mass communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mass communication - Essay ExampleMore everywhere, the analysis depart consider the two pertinent arguments that taste to define the ship potbellyal in which the media and shade interact with society. For such(prenominal) a purpose, it is necessary to view the media as a solitary entity rather than a conglomerate of multi-dimensional pieces. Although such a definition is somewhat simplistic, it is maven of the only ways that such a broad study can be attempted to be researched and answered in such a brief piece. Firstly, many scholars affirm sought to portray the way in which the media interacts with and defines culture as a mechanism by which one is forcefully shaping the other in a way that exhibits the strength and power of one over the other. This approach has been used by many to draw a level of inference with respect to the ways in which the media has a direct or indirect effect in attempting to mold and direct the do of a given culture (Salomon 1997, p. 379). As such , this interpretation necessarily takes the view that the media is somehow operating in a type of vacuum and has the strength to both mold and shape the beliefs, attitudes, and norms/ mores of society in which it interacts. Although this can to a large extent be realized to be partially true, the situation of the matter is that the media is itself integrally tied to the concept and understanding of culture. In this way, it cannot be fully understood to be a international force that is acting upon culture as a way of life to influence it. However, to the credit of those that espouse such a view of the media, it should be understood that recent changes and direction in the media actually helps to add a degree of credence to such a worldview. Years past, the media itself was a massive conglomeration of different firms and interests that could be divided amongst radio, television, movie industry, newspaper, magazine, entertainers, production entities etc. However, there has been a de finite and pronounced trend indoors the past 30-40 years to have what can only be defined as a more integrated representation of the media within our world. This is not the result of some sinister plot to control the minds and culture of our current society rather, it is merely the fact that the media industries are like any other business and seek to continually differentiate themselves and seek out new opportunities, reduce competition, and open themselves to new securities industrys and new consumers of their products. As a means to earn more profits and generate a higher degree of market share, mergers have been a trend within the media industries for the better part of the past several decades. As such, the aforesaid(prenominal) groups that make up the media industry within the world have become more and more associate thereby creating a situation in which but a handful of dominant media firms seemingly govern multiple sectors of the media. This has caused many people to as sume that due to the non-penetration of free market players into the industry it necessarily means that the media as such has a powerful and monopolistic effect on interacting with and defining culture (Mallia 2011, p. 33). However, as will be analyzed in the proceeding section, such an approach is somewhat narrow-minded. Due to the fact that each of these media sectors ultimately seeks to operate in the same way that any firm would (i.e. to generate profits), the behavior of the entity is not unpredictable or

Introduction to Operational Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Operational Management - Essay ExampleThis write-up presents a discussion about the approach to operational strategy for improving firing Incs air duct strain that services the United States, Europe and Asia and its aircraft manufacturing business. Going Inc has a higher than industry average figures for flight delays, baggage and security related check-in delays and late arrival figures for flights. In addition, Going Incs manufacturing operations for shrimpy aircraft must meet increasing market demand.Going Incs airline service has been losing business for the agone twenty months despite attempts to present a high-class image and competitors atomic number 18 likely to win if Going Inc cannot supply the small aircrafts that it manufactures to customers in a timely manner. Appendix A presents the observations for Going Incs airline service business and its aircraft manufacturing business unit.The difference between operations strategy for bringing about an forw ard motion in Going Incs airline business and for enhancing the ability of Going Incs aircraft manufacturing to take receipts of increased market demand is the difference between operational strategy for service and that for manufacturing (Lynch, 2006, Pp. 330 332). Manufactured aircrafts are products, while airline operations represent a service orientation for customers who will want to return themselves of the service offered by the airline if they like the package that is being presented to them for a price. Most of the published inquiry in the area of operations strategy relates to product manufacturing strategy. However, services are now an important parting of the economy and telecommunications, travel, airlines and banking present significant contributions to the GDP in any nation. Services present significant differences from construct products and five main differences between service offerings and products have been identified as follows (Lynch, 2006,

Disease process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disease process - Essay ExampleIt has been famed that diabetes mellitus is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) which will include congestive affectionateness failure, coronary heart diseases, peripheral artery disease, cardiomyopathy and stroke. The seek of coronary artery diseases and congestive heart failure is relatively high in persons diagnosed with diabetes than in those without. Risk is to a fault increased in patients who suffer from hypertension and dyslipidaemia or in those who smoke cigarettes and use alcohol. People with diabetes have frequent occurrences of hypertension which is a major risk instrument for getting a cardiovascular disease. Diabetes mellitus also causes urinary incontinence which is a common hassle encountered. It is a indication of primary mal melt down of the urinary bladder and urethra that basically causes the patient to pass water at the wrong place at the wrong time. It causes weakened urethra muscles that will render the patient lost in controlling their own urine passing. A nonher urinary incontinence caused by diabetes mellitus is neurogenic bladder which is also called cystopathy. It is reflected as a form of autonomic neuropathy which begins with the damage of the autonomic afferent nerves hence leaving the motor function unbroken and undamaged but damaging the awareness of bladder grandness which will consequently result in diminished urinary regularity. It is therefore evident that diabetes disrupts the loops for regulation of micturition which will vastly affect the patients urinary system by causing urinary dysfunctions of different levels. Studies have also shown that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease also have diabetes. It is not evident whether diabetes is a major risk factor in contracting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but it has shown that patients who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease will be at a major risk of getting diabetes than those without. T he co-existence of these two diseases will put the patient at a high risk of mortality due to inflammation and exacerbation of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This is also heightened to individuals who smoke cigarettes and use alcohol. Diabetes mellitus is also a major cause of hyperglycaemia which is linked to impaired lung function therefore negatively affecting the patients respiratory system. Diabetes is also a major factor in integumentary system diseases. Diabetes can leave the peel of a patient predisposed to bacterial and fungal infections. It will affect blood vessels that cause the skin to appear like it has scaly rasping patches of skin which usually located on the front part of the patients legs. Other integumentary diseases are such as atherosclerosis where the blood vessels of the patient are narrowed which will cause the skin to be hairless and also makes it appear shiny. Diabetes will also cause acanthosis nigricans which is a skin disorder that make w ater a black or brown, dark, thick, poorly defined, velvety hyperpigmentation of the skin which is normally embed on the folds for instance in the armpits, groin area and folds of the neck. The skin darkening is also evident in the joints of the fingers and toes. Due to the lack of insulin experienced in diabetes mellitus, a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus will be at a higher risk of contracting acanthosis nigricans. Diabetes mellitus also causes damage in nerves which will create a symptom called neuropathy.

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the Marxist perspective on Essay

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the Marxist perspective on globalization - Essay eccentricThe dominant group, which was identified as the producer, would depend on the proletariat for labour and manpower (Mann 1997). They, thus, would require the slip to repose as it is to ensure their power. Karl Marx believed that with economic power came social and political power. Looking at the earth today, it is not difficult to see what he leaded. This paper will look at some of the strengths and weaknesses on his perspective on globalization. Philosophers and sceptics to Marxism may admit that some of Marxs theories resonate with todays world. In modern times, it has become a common occurrence for gigantic corporations to have a hand in most of what goes on around the world. There is the control of massive goods, products, and services through a hardly a(prenominal) individuals who ensure that there is a continuous flow of labour (Schirato & Webb 2003). In doing so, the proletar iat class ensures they survive. This is unheeding of what they feel on what is going on around them is not all fair. The strengths that show up in Karl Marxs perspective on globalization offer an individual a concise image of what is adventure today (Westra 2010). Strengths of the Marxist perspective on globalization One of the key aspects of globalization that Marx indicated was the positive cut off that may benefit consumers. In the growth and development of grocerys, it is highly likely that the consumers may benefit from the work of more goods, services, and products. There will be an efficient way of allocating these products and goods to markets and consumers. This gets to prove that the single driven market are getting higher up, and are present. It may be impossible to have national battle if there is a regulation placed on the allocation of products in such markets (Scholte 1997). This is what Marx sought to claim during his time. However, it was only after his lifeti me that individuals came to see what was happening. Karl Marx was a sceptic of globalization. He saw it as a means for the wealthy to get more powerful, while the poor remain poor. Nationalism and g everywherenments will remain the determining factors in every day and age. All these are controlled from the background by individuals who have a hand in the global market, which inadvertently controls the proletariat class. Competition allows capitalists to improve their products, make new products for consumers, and boom out their bases. Countries that need their economies to grow must, therefore, compete with foreign markets and have a place in the expanding market (Ritzer 2009). Marxs perspective indicated that lines along race will no longer be considered. Individuals will only be looked at as consumers that have the ability to pay for products. This is regardless of where they are, or who they are. Moreover, the Marxist perspectives strength comes in the form of its ability to exp lain change and conflict in society. As seen earlier, for these individualistic controlled markets to survive, it is imperative that they change their goods, products, and services to sustain their consumers urges. The proletariat class is responsible for the manpower and labour that enables the bourgeoisie class to have a hold on everything. If a shift occurred, there would be an unsettling difference that would indicate the dominant class is no longer in control. By maximising their control over the less dominant class, they have control over their

American Films in the 1970's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Films in the 1970s - Essay ExampleTheir thematic and stylistic innovations represented a radical break from Hollywoods unequivocal paradigms.The decade saw a revolutionary change in the lookout man of take on critism also. Films were now being perceived as personal art pieces rather than only commercialized blockbusters. Films were no longer evaluated in terms of their stories, alone as art works whose style and mise-en-scene were much important than their contents.The 70s witnessed the birth of some of the most inspiring and exhilirating films directed by the greatest of film makers of the era. capital of Tennessee a 1975 screenic is arguably one of finest films of the century that can be regarded as one of the finest masterpieces of thefilm making wizard, Robert Atman. Written by Joan Tewkesbury and produced by Robert Atman himself, Nashville features Altmans trademark overlapping dialogue that depicts classic improvisation and film making brilliance. The 159 min ov erwhelming fantasy, deals beautifully with classical real field music, dexterously touching gospel music businesses in Nashville Tennessee. The characters in te film, evolve from real country music figures that material on U.S presidential politics. The film craftilly weaves together multiple storylines that eventually coalesce in the final half-hour in a climactic sequence at the Parthenon in Nashville. The movie astray despised from the mainstream country-music community at the time of its release, with many artists believing it was ridiculing their talent and sincerity. Since then, however, the songs that were mostly composed by the films actors themselves have achieved a certain popularity in alternative-country circles, well away from the world of the music establishment. Among its many musical sequences, the song It Dont Worry Me is the films theme, heard sporadically throughout and then performed at the climax.The 70s also witnessed the emergence of class film makers such as washbasin Cassavetes. His films such as A muliebrity under the wreak are hailed as masterpieces despite the fact that they are incorporated with superficiality, gasp, and an in-your-face self-indulgence kind of a feeling. They are also sometimes blamed to carry a blatant artificiality in them. A Woman Under the Influence is one of the most devastating films ever made and is arguably the masterpiece of John Cassavetes lauded career. with a startling realism, the film depicts supremely the relationship between a housewife on the doorstep of a spooky breakdown and her blue collared worker husbend. Its a marriage unlike any some other seen before on the American screen - Nick (Falk) and Mabel (Rowlands) love each other intensely but thats not enough to keep her from descending into madness. In this shockingly intimate drama, housewife Gena Rowlands suffers a nervous breakdown and Dixit Page 5her blue-collar construction worker husband, Peter Falk, decides to have her committed. Despite a prominent theme of insanity, the film doesnt make a melodrama out of Mabels crazy moments. Instead, painfully long scenes are wittnessed o this family together and with their social circle (particularly his construction work

Product Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Product Report - judge Example apple has goaled the latest model of an iPod with video capability. This makes it stand out for it does not lonesome(prenominal) serve the purpose of listening to music but also watch videos. However, it would be better if this appliance contains a digital camera incorporated into it. This leave behind make life even better, and people go outing not have to carry a digital camera. (Ireland et al, 2008) For this reason, am marketing a new design of an iPod by the name iPod tv camera/ Video. This iPod has an added advantage for it contains a three in one service. Despite its nature, the toll is very considerate which makes the gadget affordable. This is because from a range of $ 165 dollars a customer can bind one depending on its disk space. Additionally, this product is very competitive in the market for it offers a cardinal hour of music play back. Moreover, it has a huge storage capacity enabling individuals to store more(prenominal) than two thousand song, eight thousand images, and nine hours of video recording. (Ireland et al, 2008) To be able to buy iPod Camera/ Video a person has to visit the Apples customer care shops a unit of ammunition the country. In these shops, the marketers allow be able to sell the product and explain all the necessary information to customers. Such information will include how to use and maintain the iPod. Moreover, the sales and marketing agents in the Apple participation will be holding an outside market every weekend in the town center. The iPod Camera/ Video will be beneficial to all people irrespective of age and classes. However, it will be even more advantageous to the young people thus the sales and marketing agents will be going round in the institutions of learning to market the product. The iPod has three months guarantee, clear product description and a unique logo to help the customers distinguish the real iPod Camera/ Video from the counterfeits. This will enable the i Pod to reach a ampere-second million marks in sales. This stems from referring back to other market abridgment conducted by the Apple Company that clearly manifests high rate of sales in other brands of iPod. Therefore, iPod Camera/ Video by be a new and modified product in the market will record even more market sales within a very short duration of time. However, this does not mean it will be the last brand of the iPod since the iPod family has been evolving since the first original launch in the year 2001. (Ireland et al, 2008) Lastly, the SWOT analysis of iPod Camera/ Video comprises of its brand perception, price, better quality control executing, strong competition and major competitors among others. home run perception clearly manifests the Apple Company as being very innovative when it comes to selling and manufacturing of their products. This makes it hold up a wider access to a series of brands that they continue to invent occasionally. Their brand stands out agains t all the other companies hence, it has registered in peoples mind that all their iPod brands are the best quality product. (Ireland et al, 2008) Secondly, better quality control implementation reveals that Apple Inc. device quality control procedures to enable them to provide magical and revolutionary quality products to its consumers. However, the Apple Company that produces the iPod faces a huge competition in the current globe oligopoly from other companies such as Samsung, Nokia and dell among others. In addition, the political and financial crisis also adds to the apples challenges. This

Percussion Ensemble Concert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Percussion Ensemble plan - Essay ExampleWhile the same group of musicians performed all the item percussion section tracks, there was huge variety within these performances. The first performance was of Christopher Rouses Ku-Ka-Ilimoku. up to now as there was a oversize amount of musicians, the majority of the musicians in this piece or participated in minimal ways. Instead the main(prenominal) focus was on a group of 7-8 musicians. These musicians implemented snares, kettle hole drums, and a variety of wood percussion instruments. The sound was clearly influenced by Polynesian tribal forms. In this way the rhythm advanced finished an upbeat pace, as if the ensemble was performing tribal rituals for a war hunt. The pulsating and upbeat rhythm remained conformable throughout the song. In large part the melody and thematic undercurrents were established through juxtapositions between the specific percussion players. For instance, numerous times the snare and timpani would sto p playing and the only thing that would be realised were the log drums and mallets. Still, in these instances the songs high tempo was maintained. ... While the previous song had a robust and rough around the edges feel, this song was considerably more fragile. Indeed, I considered that the disparity of these songs was so great that outside of a concert hall they would never be performed in the same setting. Even though this song was fragile and minimal, the use of the xylophone al junior-gradeed the percussion ensemble to produce more composite and enjoyable melodies. David Skidmores Ritual Music followed this song. This percussion track primarily implemented the xylophone and timpani drums. One of the most notable aspects of this track was the minimalist beginning. In these regards, the only thing the audience could hear was the clinging of the xylophone. After a few beats the rest of the ensemble joined in the track. To a large part this track was the most experimental track th at was performed throughout the night. The rhythm greatly varied from low tempo to upbeat and frantic. There additionally was not a regular melody to follow, as the musicians preferably focused on texturing the soundscape through innovative percussive techniques. Edgar Vareses ionisation and Christopher Deanes Parallel Isometry followed this tracks. Ionisation used the most traditional percussion arrangement, including snare drums, mallets, cymbals, timpani, and wood block. The song started off with a dampened sound, as if people were wandering around in the dark. In large part this was interesting for the contrast of instrumentality in creating the unique rhythmic progressions. This muffle sound ultimately gave way to a cacophony of noise. The final exam track was Parallel Isometry. While Ionisation used a rough and chaotic sound, this track began with a

Two Statistical Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Two Statistical Methods - Essay ExampleThis distribution is a theoretical method apply normally to have the good of fit of an observed statistic to a theoretical model and the degrees of freedom that it is calculated to. The chi-square is used to test both of these parameters. Most often this is used in specifically to address the issues relating to proportion of population. Two chi-square tests are comfortably used one, test for goodness of fit and two, test for independence2.Analysis of Variance provides the methodology to analyses a parasitic variable and the instal of early(a) interval independent variables on the values of the dependent variable. analysis of variance (Analysis of Variance) may be One-way ANOVA when the effect of one independent variable is measured. However, effects of multiple interval independent variables can be measured. This helps in substantiating the main effects and the interaction effects3.Main effects bring out the direct variation in the dependen t variable due to every single independent variable. Whereas, the interact effect brings out the combined effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. This is normally analyzed in various combinations.

Discuss the risk management process and its interactions with the Essay

Discuss the take chances forethought process and its interactions with the project lifecycle - Essay Example take a chance management is a process that leads to denomination of the uncertainties that may arise in the future and provide remedies and precautions for handling these risks. Risks set about by an organisation may create a negative impact on its assets and the reputation it has gained. The push of Risk management is to identify the potential risks that the company might face and develop resources for mitigating the adverse do of such losses. An organisation may face mingled types of risks like financial risks, operational risks, perimeter risks and at long last strategic risks. Financial risks may result in the losses related to cost of claims and liability of judgments (Conrow 2003). functional risks may be faced by the organisation in the form of labor strikes and strategic risks contract risks related to changes in management or loss of reputation. Risk managem ent has a pivotal affair to play in effective project management. The following paper, will throw light on life-and-death objectives of risk management, the process of risk management and interactions between risk management the project lifecycle. Objectives of Risk focusing The process of risk management aims at identification of the potentially hazardous and harmful situations. ... The purpose of risk management is to develop strategies and plans for managing and mitigating the potential risks faced by the organisation. In this manner, risk management aims at preventing the organisations from various types of risks that it may face in the long run and provide effective tools for setting distract strategies. Risk Management Process Assessment of risks has a fundamental process that involves five steps in implementing an appropriate system of control so that risks can be belittled. It helps in the identification and analysis of the various risks that argon harmful for the workpl ace and negatively impact the organisation. Therefore, risk assessment is a straightforward examination of the chanceful elements that can harm the people, as well as the reputation of the organisation in the long run. So there is a need to take proper precautions for eliminating all kind of risks in order to minimise the fuss that is created in the functioning of the organisation (Culp 2001). The first step of risk management process involves identification of hazards and the harmful effects that these hazards possess. For this purpose, it is necessary to identify how people would be affected by the potential insecurity that is created by the risks. It is required that proper ramifications are undertaken for mitigating the possibilities of such risks. Various strategies and tools are identified to be crucial, for mitigating the knockout effects of the risks. At this level, sources through which risks can be avoided are analysed, and appropriate measures are undertaken to keep th e things at place. These sources of risks can be internal or external to the organisation. An example of internal and external sources of risks can be the employees and the operational

Usage of Magic and Supernatural Elements in Childrens Literature Research Paper

Usage of Magic and Supernatural Elements in Childrens Literature - enquiry Paper ExampleWomen began to slowly make their voices heard as an oppressed gender and philosophers were beginning to illuminate a greater understanding of the workings of the human mind. The child, often considered either a sinful and rampantly creature or a miniature adult, was beginning to be recognized as something still develop. thither was a veritable explosion of information about this breaker point of physiological and cognitive development in human beings and literature became a central vehicle for expressing ideas about the self and its history (Steedman 5). Although perhaps initially introduced as a means of breaking with the strict moralistic attitudes of the past, the use of magic and the macrocosm of the apparitional proved effective in teaching children in a way they could understand.Breaking from the normal world with the introduction of the supernatural or the magical realm makes it possi ble for authors to personify various behaviors, values and consultation traits and thus give children more accessible avenues to complex concepts in keeping with their varying levels of understanding. Cognitive business leader begins with birth, but improves upon skills acquired during the preschool years to apply to things outside of the self. There are four main categories of skills developed during this period (Santrock 1997). The first of these are self help skills in which the child learns to take care of their everyday involve such as dressing themselves. They also learn social help skills in which they begin to perceive the importance of helping others through activities such as household chores and demonstrating their ability to think outside of themselves. initiate skills are introduced in which the child learns the academic tools necessary for success in that arena, particularly in developing the analytical skills necessary for logic and mathematics. The final main ca tegory is play skills, in which the child

Americas Global War on Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Americas international warfare on Terrorism EssayAt 846 am, on September 11, 2001, the reality would take witness to an event that would change it forever. Five hijackers, with the support of a curseist group named Al Qaeda, crashed a passenger jet into World Trade pertain Tower 1, and seventeen minutes later a second passenger jet was crashed into World Trade Center Tower 2. Now, everyone stack remember on the nose where they were when they received the news of the tone-beginning, but, what most Americans didnt realize is that these events would lead to the majority of the knowledge base into war. This was the starting line time that the United States would participate in a war against and idea, terrorism, and non a resolving of war against a estate itself.In every war that the United States had been involved in, they had been faced against an confrontation in the form of a country. Whether it was Spain, Mexico, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, or even against itse lf, the United States always had a target. These targets usually had a uniform they were also in support of a dictator, king, or even a tyrant. But with the warfare on Terror, the United States and its allied NATO Nations were not taking actions against a country they were taking actions against an ideology that had affect the entire planet. The route of this ideology can be traced back to one man, Osama bin Laden.Osama bin Laden, with the dish of the United States, forced an invading Soviet Russia out of the country of Afghanistan in the 1980s. Then, with the support of a bow Islamic state, and the formation of a radical group calling themself al-Qaeda, he declared war on the United States in 1996 (Lansford, Watson Covarrubias, 2009). Bin Laden was quoted saying, If the instigation for jihad against the Jews and the Americansis considered a crime, then let report be a witness that I am a criminal (Lansford, Watson Covarrubias, 2009). With this foundation of hatred towards we stern influence in the modern world, Osama bin Laden and his radical group al-Qaeda instigated a contend against the world.The group al-Qaeda has taken responsibility of many terrorist attacks against the United States and its allied countries. From the World Trade Center attacks of 2001, to the Spain subway bombings of 2004, al-Qaeda has been at the center of these terrorist attacks. Unfortunately, un standardized most wars declared against a country, al-Qaeda has root in many countries. Theyve been linked to attacks in Africa, Europe, North America are believed to have ties to other terrorist cells like the Taliban, and the Revolutionary Armed Forced of Colombia and are known to have cells based in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Lansford, Watson Covarrubias, 2009). Former electric chair George bush-league described al-Qaeda as a fringe form of Islamic extremism that has been rejected by Muslim scholars and the vast majority of Muslim clerics a fringe movement that perverts t he peaceful teachings of Islam (Holloway, 2008). This declared War on Terror was against terrorist groups, like al-Qaeda, but many did believe that the Former President had a cloak-and-dagger agenda.With the attacks of September 11th, a new foreign policy known as, chaparral Doctrine, was implemented by the Bush administration. The Bush Doctrine, which the Bush administration rarely ever called its new foreign policy was based nearly four ideas to make no distinction between terrorist and the countries harboring them, take the fight to enemies overseas before they can attack the United States, confront threats before they become threats, and promote democracy instead of terrorist ideology (Holloway, 2008). At the beginning of the war, the American people being full of patriotism and wanting revenge for the 9/11 attacks were in 100% agreement with this policy, but as time passed and the years that this war has gone on, much and more are in less support and just want the United St ates military to be brought home.Towards the end of President Bushs second term, he began to be under constant attack due to the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. He was accused of invading Iraq under false pretenses of weapons of mass destruction, and a direct influence of 9/11 by Saddam Husseins regime (Holloway, 2008), a plateau that our current President, Barack Obama, used to his advantage during his initial campaign. Yet, even though Former President Bush was attacked and scrutinized about his policies, he stood by his initial belief that his Global War on Terror was against an ideology, and not a certain country.Whether or not the current 10-year war was actually waged against Osama Bin Laden, Saddam Hussein, Muammar al-Gaddafi, or any other tyrant is truly unknown, and if the September 9/11 attacks were hoaxed and just a compulsion for the American people to be tricked into war, who knows. What can be known is this the War on Terror is the first time that the United States has de clared war on an idea, a way of life, and not against a country of its own, and because of this, the true length of this war has the ability to last forever.Holloway, D. (2008). 9/11 and the war on terror electronic resource / david holloway . Edinburg University Press.Lansford, T., Watson, R., Covarrubias, J. (2009).Americas war on terror electronic resource / by tom lansford, robert p. watson and jack covarrubias. (2nd ed.). Burlington, VT Ashgate.

Establishment Notions of Englishness Essay Example for Free

Establishment Notions of slopeness EssayIn what ways did the iconography, the music, the lyrics and the per machinateances and demeanour of punk rock acts present a challenge to institution nonions of Englishness in 1976-77?The early roots of inflammation rock were appearing in the form of The Velvet Underground in 1965, closely followed by The Stooges and MC5 in 1969, but it wasnt until the early 1970s that punk began to globalise, hitting Australia in 1972 with The Saints. Within a year, fabled punk club CBGBs opened its doors for the first time, becoming a constant worry for the up and coming acts of the 70s, and more importantly, providing a regular crowd of punk kids to listen to them. Britain in the early 70s, according to Spicer, was filled with political frustration, surging unemployment and a gag-reflex to the patriotic froth generated by in celebration of Queen Elizabeths Silver Jubilee, giving punks raw noise a particular spice and vigour. The UK had either been in decline, recession, stagflation or worse since the end of the swinging sixties. (Spicer, 2006 3). Eight days later when the idealism of the 60s had healthy and truly faded, the strategies and rhetoric of street profess were still loss strong. So when mainstream politics wouldnt even listen to what was driving the kids insane, the Sex Pistols cry of Anarchy in the UK get windmed homogeneous a viable alternative. (Spicer, 2006 5)Punk came with a philosophy that was influenced by the anti- ecesis turmoil reverberating from the 60s. (Spicer, 2006, rascal 4), so in a time when the early dayss of Britain were so ignored and undervalued as a part of society, it seemed the like a natural outlet to make the government and the authorities stand up and take account of what they were saying. Renowned Manchester based punk journalist and singer sewer Robb stated that Punk Terrified the establishment (Robb, 2006 3), suggesting this outcry for non-conformism was having an impact and the message of challenging the government was world heard. Despite this, however, critics argon still divide nearly whether the punk phenomenon was in fact a significant cultural shift. Was it just another youth craze (with a hairstyle calculated to drive the p arents crazy), or did it darker a real challenge to theself-satisfaction of the times? A Challenge that was more than just musical and sartorial, but political as well? (Spicer, 2006 2).Hebdige stated that the punks were not only directly responding to increasing joblessness, changing moral standards, the redisco very(prenominal) of poverty, the Depression, etc., they were dramatizing what had come to be called Britains decline by constructing a language which was, in contrast to the prevailing rhetoric of the Rock Establishment, unmistakeably relevant and down to earth (hence the swearing, the references to fat hippies, the rags, the lumpen poses). The punks appropriated the rhetoric of crisis which had filled the airwa ves and the editorials throughout the period and translated it into open (and visible) terms (1991 87).A significant part of the construction of the punk rock movement in the British media was the mode of the stars, which was later emulated by the fans, with the iconic style quickly becoming a obligatory secure of being punk. According to Paul Gorman, let the cat out of the baging in Punk The livelong Story, Almost every element of punks style, attitude, politics, musical tastes and even personnel emanated from two tiny clothes shops on Chelseas Kings Road 30 years ago. (2006 84) These two shops were Acme Attractions and SEX, both in capital of the United Kingdom. Don Letts, ex-employee of Acme, and later member of Big Audio Dynamite said in Punk The Whole Story, Acme was more than a shop. It was a club, a lifestyle, a forum for talent. It reflected the way London was going it was approximately multi-culturism (2006 84). I think this really exemplifies the importance of the f ashion and self-representation of the punk movement, even at the beginning.Robb recalls, I saw photos of punk rockers in the papers, and I knew instantly what they sounded like. Never had a music and its wander been so closely associated (2006 2). Hebdige also observed, The various stylistic ensembles adopted by the punks were undoubtedly expressive of echt aggression, frustration and anxiety. But these statements, no matter how strangely constructed, were cast in a language which was in the main available a language which was current (1991 87). I feel this rings true in a big way, especially when you contrast another artist of 74 with the way, for physical exercise, the Sex Pistols presented themselves. In image star, we see the Sex Pistols wearing typical punk styleclothing, however, in image 2, The Who, another British pile making music in 1974, are seen to be sporting a much more reticent fashion, that could be classed as smart/casual, due to the tailored trousers, tucke d in shirts and sports jackets, and even be called patriotic, with the front of a conglutination flag jacket.In contrast, while the Sex Pistols are also wearing union flag attire, however, it seems to be done so in a satirical, ironic way. The flag is cut into and is cover in holes, which could suggest the way that the punk youth saw the state of the government, or at least what they thought of it. Similarly, there is also a sports jacket being worn, however, it is teamed with a punk print T-shirt, which could slow be seen as a rebellion against the notion of looking presentable and dressing in your sunshine best.Ruth Adams dissertatees Hebdiges notion of punk fashion being a bricolage, and states Bits and pieces of both officially authorise and popular English culture, of politics and record were brought together in a chaotic, uneasy admixture to form a new culture (2008). I feel this accurately describes the way punk took what it wanted from English culture and used it as a w ay to challenge the established notions of Englishness.Icons such as swastikas were very much wore as a fashion statement , however, for punks like Siouxsie and Sid Vicious it became just one more fraction in the imagery of offence not devoid of meaning, but mainly a way of acquiring up the noses of the straight and the narrow (Spicer, 2006 4). You can imagine that this explicit and in your face approach to fashion and iconography would starkly contrast with the dreary fashion of the 70s. Spicer states that as the decade that saw beige, brown, orange and luxurious recommended as a desirable colour scheme for the home, the 70s had little going for it stylistically either (2006 3). I feel that this contrast in style would have made punks even harder to ignore, insuring that person was always looking at them and listening to what they had to say.Punk rock lyrics are typically frank and anticipateational compared to the lyrics of other popular music genres, they frequently comment on social and political issues (Laing, 1985 27). An obvious example of this would be God salve The Queen by the Sex Pistols (1977, Sex Pistols). At the time ofrelease, the shout was highly controversial, mainly for the fact it was explicitly anti-monarchy, implying that the Queen was a part of a fascist regime, as shown by the lyrics God save the queen, the fascist regime, and also for quite blatantly piece England off as being bleak and without any hope, shown in the lyrics There is no hope in Englands dreaming and Theres no future, no future, no future for you.This contrasted significantly with the jingoistic ideals that were being put forward in the wake of the Queens silver jubilee. Savage stated, God Save the Queen was the only serious anti-Jubilee protest, the only rallying call for those who didnt agree with the Jubilee because they resented being steamrollered by such sickening hype, by a view of England which had not the remotest bearing on their everyday bed (2001 35 2-353). Laing speculated that Punk was a total cultural revolt. It was a hardcore confrontation with the black side of history and culture, right-wing imagery, sexual taboos, a delving into it that had never been done before by any generation in such a thorough way (1985 27). I feel this really sums up the political orientation at play with God Save The Queen, as it was a total revolt of the dominant ideology at the time it was released.Punk rock is not known for its musical ingenuity, its creativity, or even its skill. John Robb described punks as The DIY brigade fumbling with musical instruments, trying to make sense of the world with third chords learned last week on second hand guitars (2006, Page 3). I feel this expresses the rebelling of the establishment in a way that goes above lyrics or fashion. here we can see that punk was not about pleasing pot or making everyone happy, it was about doing what you wanted because you could, and not caring if people liked it or not. Th is directly challenged the English ideology of the 1970s, which was predominantly all about keeping a stiff upper lip, being polite, and being, for lack of a better word, nice.Rock journalist Caroline nigger wrote about the Sex Pistols live performances, stating that participation is the operative word. The audience revels in the idea that any one of them could get up on stage and do just as well, if not better than the bands already up there (1982 98). This again draws on the angry, challenging, do-it-yourself attitude attached to the punk genre.Machin describes the discourse of the job of God Save The Queen by the Sex Pistols in a way that epitomises the ideology of the genre. Here image 3 we can see that much of the melody remains on the first note. There is therefore very little outward giving of emotion or positive energy. This means that there is something very contained about the way it is sung. In fact, the vocalist sings the rime generally at a high pitch which conveys e motional intensity. Yet in this intensity there is no emotional outpouring or pleasure. There are only short sharp occasional outbursts on the 4th note. This is fitting of the punk discourse of nihilistic delusion and cynicism. (Machin, 2010 105)Philip Auslander proclaimed that we may not usually think of musical performance, apart from opera and musical theatre, as entailing characterisation in the conventional dramatic sense. Nevertheless, we must be suspicious of any supposition that musicians are simply being themselves on stage (2004 6). Auslander goes on to quote Frith, who states that musicians are involved in a process of double enactment they enact both a star look-alikelity (their image) and a song personality, the role that each lyric requires, and the pop stars art is to keep both acts in play at once(2004 6). I feel that this observation directly applies to the punk rock era, as it exemplifies the explicit and hyperbolic style of the genre. This can be exemplified by S ex Pistols front man, John Lydon (aka greyback malodourous).In the public eye he is an anarchist punk rebel who is not scared to speak his mind and does not care who he offends, however in real life he is a man who was bullied as a boy for having an English accent while at his grandparents home in Cork, Ireland. This performance persona is a prime example of the way that punk challenged the notion of Englishness, as everything about Johnny Rotten was anti-establishment. This is typified with the quote from Rotten himself, stating Id listen to rock n roll, but I had no respect for it. It was redundant and had nothing to do with anything relevant. Here, he is dismissing everything that already exists in England as not being relevant or influencing him in any way, suggesting that he was the change that England needed.Auslander later goes on to discuss that both the line between real personand performance persona and the line between persona and character may be blurry and indistinct, especially in the case of pop music performers whose pasture is heavily autobiographical (2004 7). Again, I think this is extremely relevant to the analysis of the performance of John Lydon as Johnny Rotten, as punks felt this allegiance with him through his work as he was them while he was on stage. He was also a working class, angry young person with no money who resented the royal family and the government. Al Spicer asked the question, was it just another youth craze (with a hairstyle calculated to drive the parents crazy), or did it offer real challenge to the complacency of the times? (2006 2) and I think the answer to this would have to be that they really did challenge the system, in every possible way.Punk as a movement intend to shock and defy the norm of 1970s England, to rebel against the complacent and austere ideals of the time and radically confront the patriotic notions of Englishness put forward by the royal Jubilee, and I think that they succeeded. Instead of mer ely writing protest songs, punk bands were a protest. Every fibre of their existence protested, whether it was scandalous lyrics, deplorable fashion choices or unrestrained, extroverted stage personas who would say what they thought, and never care about the repercussions. Punk was one vast protest across England and the notion of English ideals.BibliographyMachin, David. (2010) Analysing Popular Music Image, Sound, Text, London Sage.Spicer, Al. (2006) A Rough Guide To Punk, London Rough Guides.Blake, Mark (Editor) (2006) Punk The Whole Story, London Dorling Kindersley.Sabin, Roger (Editor) (1999) Punk Rock, So What?, London Routledge.Robb, John (2006) Punk Rock An Oral History, London Elbury Press.Adams, Ruth (2008) The Englishness of English Punk Sex Pistols, Subculturesand Nostalgia.Popular Music and Society, 31.4, P. 469488.Hebdige, instrument (1991) Subculture The Meaning of Style. London Routledge.Savage, Jon (2001) Englands Dreaming Sex Pistols and Punk Rock, London Faber F aber.Laing, Dave (1985) One chord wonders great power and meaning in punk rock, Milton Keynes Open University.Auslander, Philip (2004) Contemporary Theatre Review, Vol. 14, London Routledge.Boyd, Brian (2010), The Making of a Rotten Public Image, The Irish Times 08 Aug 2010 Issue.Coon, Caroline (1982) The New Wave Punk Rock Explosion, London autobus Press.IMAGE 1 http//static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/12/30/1230675664257/Sex-Pistols-in-1978-001.jpgIMAGE 2 httphttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9OedlJSnXoRllVDFupK1AWXeDckvCSFh1ZErxrBM27ZReEVdDjhjfDKtyPxP4tOHmxunlJ1_CPjh05_wWdYh4mFOPL8ImkM5y6n94GppTvCoNeMOywRnM40hE1tkPzZD5w6Eg5gqa4us/s1600/The+Who.jpgIMAGE 3 Machin, David. (2010) Analysing Popular Music Image, Sound, Text, London Sage. Page 104.

Reversals in “Ethan Frome” by Edith Wharton Essay Example for Free

Reversals in Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton EssayIn Edith Whartons novel Ethan Frome, the lives of the characters are turned upside down but not in a guts that they are able to escape from the state are in. Its more like the physical wellness of the characters and their social place within their microcosm is the one that is reversed rather than them, having totally opposite lives. Not frequently changes, except that Zeenas health improves dramatically and Mattie becomes the one who needs medical attention. Ethan on the new(prenominal) turn over is still with his wife, miserable and poor. Ethan Frome, as the title suggests is the story about Ethan, a farmer who has to att eat up to his indisposed wife, Zeena.The couple is helped by Mattie, Zeenas cousin-german. Ethan is intensely attracted to Mattie but he is duty bound to serve his wife. Zeena is laughable for Mattie has been living with them for over a year and she has sensed the mutual attraction that Ethan and Mattie have. In defiance to the perfidiousness going on in her polarity, Zeena hires a different helper. Ethan of course, objects but in the end, he still obeys his wife. originally Mattie is able to leave town for good, she suggests that they commit suicide by sleighing directly on the path of an elmwood tree.Unfortunately for them, the smash-up doesnt prove to be fatal because of Ethans hesitation before the impact. The failed suicide attempt causes Mattie to be paralyzed and Ethan almost suffering the same fate. Before the smash-up, Ethan was already in a position that is very similar to where he is at the end of the novel. If anything, hes even in a poorer state than where he was before. As described by the condition of the house, Even for that part of the body politic the kitchen was a poor-looking place (Wharton, 1911, p. 63).It means that the reversal that happened to Ethan, isnt exactly a reversal. He comes full circle, after(prenominal) having high hopes and dreams for a new li fe with Mattie, he ends up where he started, in that poor house with his wife. The reversal (and return trip) that would happen to Ethan is foreshadowed in Chapter IV Ethan passes by a graveyard where his ancestors are buried. He sees on the epitaph his name, Sacred to the memory of Ethan Frome and Endurance his wife, who dwelled together in peace for fifty years (Wharton, 1911, p.27).Ethan wonders whether the same words would be place on his Epitaph. The real reversals that happen in the story are with Zeena and Matie. These 2 cousins would change roles by the end of the novel. Before the smash-up, Zeena was the sickly person that is being tended to by her husband and her cousin Mattie. But in the span of twenty years or so, Zeena would recover from her illness and she would end up to be the one who takes care of Mattie, or at least let her live in the house.Mattie would end up paralyzed after their mishap, or failed suicide attempt about twenty years ago. this instant she is the one who needs to be taken care of. Before the smash-up Mattie was a perfectly sanguine and beautiful woman, Ethan is not the only one who had eyes for her as evidenced by Eadys invitations toward her during the crack chapters of the novel. But after the smash-up, she is reduced to be nothing more than a body on an armchair, unavailing to move with the freedom that she had in the past Under her shapeless dress her body kept its hopple immobility (Wharton, 1911, p.63). The smash-up had caused reversals in the novel, Ethans hopes of being with Mattie for the last time is crushed along with Matties spine. Mattie who used to be a healthy and beautiful woman becomes a motionless body. Zeena on the other hand, before the smash-up was a sickly person, but twenty years after the incident, she is revealed to have find from her illness.ReferenceWharton, E. (1911). Ethan Frome. New York Scribners Publishing.

Internet banking Essay Example for Free

mesh banking EssayInternet is rapidly number out to be a tool of world wide communication. The increasing use of Internet to begin with promoted producers and entrepreneurs to sell their products online. It has also become an important source of information and knowledge. Due to this, many banking and finance organizations provoke come up with the idea of Internet banking or online banking.What is Internet BankingInternet banking can be specify as a facility provided by banking and financial institutions, that enable the user to execute bank think transactions through Internet. The biggest advantage of Internet banking is that people can expend the services sitting at home, to transact business. Due to which, the account holder does not have to personally visit the bank. With the help of Internet banking many transactions can be executed by the account holder. When small transactions the likes of balance inquiry, record of recent transaction, etc. are to be processed, the Internet banking facility proves to be genuinely handy. The concept of Internet banking has thus become a revolution in the field of banking and finance.Brief recital of Internet BankingThe concept of Internet banking has been simultaneously evolving with the development of the world wide web. Programmers working on banking info bases came up with ideas for online banking transactions, some time during the 1980s. The creative process of development of these services were probably sparked off after(prenominal) many companies started the concept of online shopping. The online shopping promoted the use of credit cards through Internet. Many banking organizations had already started creating information ware housing facilities to ease their working staffs. The development of these databases were widely used during the development of ATMs.Sometime in 1980s, banking and finance organizations in Europe and United States started suggestive researches and programming experiments on the concept of home banking. initially in the 80s when computers and Internetwere not so well- real, home banking basically made use of fax machines and telephones to speed their customers. The widespread of Internet and programming facilities created further opportunities for development of home banking.In 1983, the Nottingham Building Society, commonly truncate and referred to as the NBS, launched the first Internet banking service in United Kingdom. This service formed the basis for around of the Internet banking facilities that followed. This facility was not very well-developed and restricted the number of transactions and functions that account holders could execute. The facility introduced by Nottingham Building Society is said to have been derived from a system known as Prestel, that is deployed by the postal service department of United Kingdom.The first online banking service in United States was introduced, in October 1994. The service was developed by Stanford Federal Cre dit Union, which is a financial institution. The online banking services are becoming to a greater extent and more prevalent due to the well-developed systems. Though there are pros and cons of electronic cash, it has become a revolution that is enhancing the banking sector. study more at Buzzle http//www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-internet-banking.html

Discrimination Against Biracial Children Essay Example for Free

Discrimination Against biracial Children EssayBiracial children face a myriad of concerns on a daily basis. Research reveals what communal find suggeststhat all these problems are rooted in racist, biased, and discriminatory social attitudes, attitudes which children encounter from their first moments of pre-school. The sense of injustice that they instinctively feel when they sense these biases will manifest out of discrimination towards one or both of their racial backgrounds, as well as towards the fact that they have more than one racial background.Examples of these concerns, and manifestation of racist attitudes, are concerns shared by parents of bi-racial children, who also suffer the emotional brunt of discrimination against their children. An catch of the suffering of parents, as well as bi-racial children, can provide for us not only a comprehensive perspective on the challenges and concerns that bi-racial children and their parents experience on a daily basis, but a convey of providing the proper environment thereof. Sample of Sources Used* dumb Women with Biracial Children. 2007http//groups.yahoo.com/group/blackwomenwithbiracialchild/ * Delle, Margaret. Raising Biracial Children motionlessness a Difficult Subject after all These Years. 2007 http//www.associatedcontent.com/article/107661/raising_biracial_children_still_a_difficult.htmlIdentity Issues and Concerns of Biracial Children.2007 http//members.aol.com/lacillo/biracial.html * Jones Frank and Gibbs Staff. Parenting Biracial Children Issues for Black/White Biracial Child- Rearing. 2007 http//www.gibbsmagazine.com/Parenting%20Biracial%20Children.htm * Nakazawa, Donna Jackson. Does Anybody Else Look Like Me? A Parents Guide to Raising Multiracial Children. Da Capo disturb Reprint edition March 30, 2004. * Pattnaik, Jvotsna. Learning about the other Building a Case for Intercultural thought among Minority Children. Childhood Education Vol 79 2003. P NA

Abolition Movement Essay Example for Free

Abolition Movement moveNineteenth century the States bore a perplexing set of movements. Most of which aimed largely to cleanse American society. At this era, America is redefining her identity. Such was a significant time for reformation movement to peak. The self-denial Movement, religious Second Great Awakening and Womens Rights Movement are along some of the major efforts try to improve the state and its people. Most important of all, the Abolition Movement, which the very foundation of freedom in America was redefined.The American abolition movement emerged in the early 1830s as the by-product of Second Great Awakening. 1 revivalistic tenets led the abolitionist to view buckle downholding as a product of personal sin. They demand emancipation as the price of repentance.2 This religious revival resulted to thousands of conversions to evangelical religions.3Slavery was star of the issues in America which closely people sought to end. As early as 1688, the Society of Friends, also known as Quakers, took a public stand against thraldom.4 Even though most quakers own knuckle downs when they first came to America. William Buriling, Ralph Sandiford, Benhamin Lay, John Woolman and Anthony Benezet were among the societys members who largely fit(p) their policy.These people were the salient figures who primarily opposed break stars backry within the society. By late 1700s and 1800s, the Society of Friends tell their protest against thrall. Quakers opposed it on religious grounds. Others contended that slave owners violated the very principles that the Founding Fathers and the Declaration of independence had established in 1776.Many religious figures had largely contributed to Americas history of slavery. One was Lyman Beecher, one of the countrys salient nineteenth- century clergymen and a revivalist of Second Great Awakening.5 Students of the school where Beecher became pastor, debated the issue on slavery and preferred to look at abolitioni sm, which the board of the school opposed. In protest many students including Theodore Weld left the school.6Religion had intruded on slavery issues even during the establishment of Quakers. It is often said that this group project influence beyond their numbers. Through their complaisant class and background, Quakers have shared an important role in forming Americas history as come up as the society.In 1833, the American Anti-Slavery Society was established by William Lloyd Garisson7 with fellow abolitionists Arthur Tappan, Lewis Tappan, and Theodore Dwight Weld. It attracted a crowd with lecturing agents, orison drives and a wide variety of printed materials, condemning slavery on moral grounds. The organization sent lecturers about the brutality of slavery across the North, including Ohio. Unfortunately, abolitionists appeal of emancipation were rejected by higher sanctuarys as well as individual slave-owners.Some important figures in the emancipation in America were mordan ts, themselves. Most prominent black during the period started their journey from the oppression of slavery of the southernmostern estates toward more desirable freedom enjoyed at Northern states. In this freedom, they did not grow complacent while their people and family still suffer from inflictions of the institution of slavery. The most famous of this divine ordeal was that of Harriet Tubman.Harriet Tubman8 was a slave from Maryland. She suffered all her life from seizures, copeaches and hypersomia having had knocked in the head with a heavy iron weight by a slave owner. In 1894 she escaped to Philadelphia where she met with William Still, the Philadelphia station agent on the underground railroad. Still, along with the Philadelphia Anti-slavery Society, en feebleened Tubman of the workings of the underground railway.Eventually, she became a conductor for the underground railway. Dubbed as the Moses of her people, she helped provide safety and salvation to an approximately 3 00 slaves. She worked various jobs in order to pay her actives as a conductor. During the Civil warfare, she served as a soldier, spy and a nurse for the Union.Another women of sizable existence was Soujorner Truth. Truth had been born a slave from Ulster County, mod York at a time wherein the state still permits slaves. The anti-slavery law of 1827 freed her from bondage. Her freedom prompt her to be an active abolitionist and a womans rights advocate.Truth became one of the most famous orator of her day. Her passion came from her desire to abolish slavery and help her fellow black. Her speeches against the venomouss of slavery shamed many people who were apathetic and passive. She also fights for women suffrage. Her speech, Aint I, a Woman?9 was her legacy. The speech were make at 1851 Convention on Womans Rights after a clergyman remark women as too irresolute and helpless.Another individual of which probably had the greatest impact for the cause, was Frederick Douglass. Dou glass was probably the most important black figure in the abolition of slavery. His accomplishment had impact America on a political scale. His report card was in an outside(a) level.Douglass was born a slave in Maryland. He escaped from bondage and went to sweet Bedford with the help of a black navy named Ruggles. Although blacks are free in the city of New Bedford, it isnt a paradise. Douglas observed the discrimination throughout the city.He subscribed to an abolitionist paper the Liberator by William Lloyd Garrison. Through the Liberator, Douglass were introduced to abolitionist movements. Garrison eventually became his personal hero. Later he became a member of American Anti-Slavery Society. On terrible of 1841, an abolitionist meeting took place at New Bedford. Garrison saw Douglass, and he eventually know the potential. Douglass became an agent for Garrison. He became a traveling lecturer touring the Northern states to talk about his life and denounce subscriptions to t he Liberator.The young Douglass told stories of brutal beatings of slave owners to women, children and the elderly. He told the story on how he broke the slave breaker Edward Covey10. He scorned clergyman who warned slaves that they would be offending God if they disobeyed their masters. He speaks of evil of masters breeding their female slaves.He grew in skill within his trade that people began inquisitive his credibility. How can such a slave have such a commanding master of speech? they told themselves. This provoked Douglass into revealing his true identity through the disclosure of personal details. He print an account entitled Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave against the protest of his mentor Garisson and some co-abolitionists.The theme of the memorial is about moral force. It is a story of triumph and dignity, courage and self-reliance over the evils of brutal, degrading slave transcription. The narrative connotes the existing corruption in the human spirit that robs both the master and slave of their freedom. The book became popular in the North as well as in Europe. However, the federal Law on fugitive slave threatened his freedom. The Law gave Thomas Auld the right to conquer his property.The threat prompted his tour in London where he was later joined by Garisson and other abolitionist. wonderful of 1846 at World Temperance Convention in London, Douglass attacked the American Temperance Movement. He mat that abstemiousness activist were hostile to free blacks.Emancipation in Britain is still fresh among its people. In that regard Douglass felt little racial prejudice among the British. He carved connection among British and Europeans who were compassionate for the cause. The tour enkindle goodwill for the abolitionist cause in the British Isle. The success in Britain had propelled his reputation to an international level.Douglass established friends and supporters in Britain. In fact, it was his British fri ends who paid11 the price of Douglass freedom in America. With his renewed freedom he went to Rochester, New York to settle. The town had reputation of being pro-abolition. The women were also active in fighting for their rights. In here, he established a new anti-slavery publication, named North Star, which was not supported by Garisson. With the North Star he no longer have to cling with white abolitionist group of Garisson.The widening connection of Douglass disseminate his mind to the political aspects of his cause. He began to question the Garissonian views. For Garisson, abolishing slavery through violence is wrong. Garisson believed he could change over the slave owners into giving up their slaves thus setting them free. A white militant named John Brown12 helped win over Douglass that pacifist means could not by themselves tote up an end to slavery.Douglass believed that the North would never abolish slavery if it could cause the break up of the Union and collapse of the Constitution. He therefore decided that slavery would have to be ended through political reforms. Tension began to rise when Douglass urged North Star reader to be politically active and be involved. The change in principle created factions within the abolitionist circle. He, however, did not chuck up the sponge such disputes to affect what he aspired to do.Douglass became one of the most prominent and respected black of his time. His actions and success boosted the assertion of the black abolitionist. He tried to establish a black vocational school. Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of Uncle Toms Cabin helped to vacate the fund. Furthermore, his Rochester home became the most important station on the underground railroad. He became the superintendent of the entire system in his area.The information regarding the evils of slavery are readily available due to hard work and pains of Frederick Douglas and William Lloyd Garrison13. However, the popularity of these informations ar e confined within the anti-slavery circle. In line with this, a fictional novel of abolitionist disposition was published entitled Uncle Toms Cabin. The author was Harriet Beecher Stowe, an alleged daughter of Lyman Beecher. Uncle Toms Cabin had been published by weekly sequence in the guinea pig Era from summer of 1851 to spring of 1852. Nevertheless, its popularity was still within the abolitionist circle.Its popularity gained when the novel was published in full in 1852. Uncle Toms Cabin became the best selling fiction of its time. It is considered by many, as one of the most influential American works of fiction ever published. The fiction had made an impact on Americas inner inquiry and realization of identity and of morality.14The success of the novel were founded on Stowes humanization of the slaves. The fiction places the reader in frontal view of the barbarity and inhuman disintegration of families which existed in the slavery system. Mothers were portrayed in their most desolate state when their masters sell their babies to a slave trader. The fiction appeal to the Christian soul as Stowe embodied Christ to Uncle Tom which is a black dutiful, loyal and a gracious slave.The works of fiction arouse the antislavery sentiment in the North and provoke angry rebuttals in the South. Oppositions of views paved the way to devisions. Slavery was no longer a problem of the south and it concerns the whole nation as a whole.The culmination of all these events leads to a bloody battle between the Union and the helper slave states. The Union was fighting for a unified nation. The Confederates, on the other hand, wants to separate from the Union in order to secure their rights to own slaves. This disparity brought America to Civil War from 1861 to 1865. It was this reason why Abraham has been quoted reflection to Stowe So this is the little lady who started this war.The status of the South as an agricultural states contributed more than to their dependencies on slaves. Slaves were utilized for their manual work on the fields and plantations. In contrast, the North are already being industrialized. Their product was dependent on factories and machineries.It was the bloodiest battle that took place in American soil. The Confederate eventually succumb to the much equip forces of the Union. It was very devastating era that Americans have gone through in order to bring about change which redefined freedom in their constitution. Emancipation of all slaves was decreed to slaves states after the Civil WarThe abolitionists had their victory through information dissemination. Victory was achieved through drum up speeches that awakened compassion and goodwill of humanity. The rallying cries of the oppressed accused passivity a crime. They have pressured those who claimed to be free to guard and fight for freedom. On the night of the proclamation, Douglass was quoted as saying We were waiting and listening as for a bolt from the skywe were watch ingby the dim light of the stars for the dawn of a new daywe were longing for the answer to the agonizing prayers of centuries.15WORKS CITEDScott, Donald. Evangelicalism, Revivalism and the Second Great Awakening. TeacherServe from the National Humanities Center. October 2000. Queens College. 18 April 2009.http//nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nineteen/nkeyinfo/nevanrev.htmMcKivigan, John. A Brief memoir of the American Abolitionist Movement. American Abolitionism. n.d. Indianapolis. 18 April 2009. http//americanabolitionist.liberalarts.iupui.edu/brief.htmThe Second Great Awakening and the Age of Reform. Teach US History. 19 April 2009. http//www.religioustolerance.org/quaker1.htmWilliam L. Garrison. Ohio History Central. 1 July 2005. A product of the Ohio Historical Society. 18 April 2009 http//www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=167Robinson, B.A. Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) Quaker History. Religious Tolerance. 7 February 2006. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. 19 April 2009. http//www.religioustolerance.org/quaker1.htmWoodson, C.G. Anthony Benezet. Classics on American Slavery. 25 March 2003. Dinsmore Documentation. 19 April 2009. http//www.dinsdoc.com/woodson-3.htmAbolitionist. Ohio History Central. 1 July 2005. A product of the Ohio Historical Society. 19 April 2009 http//www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=569Sassi, Jonathan. Great Questions of National Morality. Common Place. 9. 1. ( October 2008) 19 pars. 19 April 2009. http//www.common-place.org/vol-09/no-01/sassi/Lyman Beecher. Ohio History Central. 1 July 2005. A product of the Ohio Historical Society. 19 April 2009 http//www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=53Theodore Dwight Weld (1803-1895). Forever Free.The Public subroutine library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County. 19 April 2009. http//www.cincinnatilibrary.org/foreverfree/theodoreweld.htmlThe Effect of Uncle Toms Cabin. 123HelpMe.com. 18 Apr 2009 http//www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=16788Thomas, Sandra. Frederick DouglassAbolitionist/Editor 19 April 2009. http//www.history.rochester.edu/class/douglass/home.htmlcontentsThe Life of Harriet Tubman. New York History Net. 20 February 2008. 19 April 2009 http//www.nyhistory.com/harriettubman/life.htm.

Nuclear Power - a Reliable Energy Source for the Future Essay Example for Free

Nu attain Power a Reliable Energy Source for the Future establishNuclear cause A reliable might source for the future India is on the move. Indeed, one of the particular reasons why we argon all the same having this competition is a result of the 8% plus annual gross domestic product growth over the finish 8 years. This growth has been driven by strong domestic demand, and with that electricity consumption per capita has doublight-emitting diode from 355KWh in 2000 to 720kWh by 2009. This is a huge addition, b arly in absolute impairment is puny when compargond to separate countries globally, cosmos except 20% and 3% of the figures for China and America respectively. Juxtapose this with the felonious fact that near 400 million people are yet to be connected to the electricity grid and the composing is on the wall. In this regard its best to correspond ourselves to China that its already clear that demand is vent to soar in the coming years. On the fork ou t side, the power generation figures are a good deal gloomier, and to the highest degree years hover stubbornly around the Hindu rate of growth of 3%. Understandably power generation requires huge capital investment even so, the pace of growth has been extremely tardy over the past 20 years.In many states (Maharashtra being the notable example) reasonably healthy power surpluses from the early 90s were allowed to stagnate into power deficits by the end of the decade, scope the stage for a huge uphill struggle to cope with the demand surge of this past decade. The displace result of all this is that overall national power deficit is around 12% consistently, with no major(ip) state being power surplus. There can be no doubt as to what is amenable for this deplorable planning and lack of foresight on the part of the Government.Thankfully, it appears to have finally woken up to the challenge, and in that respect are hasty efforts being made to meet the XIth plan revised target of 62,500 MW with a farthermost more ambitious target for the XIIth plan. Given this changed outlook on the part of the Government, I think this is an clarified opportunity to not only work for the short term goal of bridging the deficit, entirely also flavor nevertheless ahead and envisioning scenarios for 2020 and beyond. Lets take a step back and hitch exactly how we get our power from. At the oment, the predominant source is thermal a kinder word for what are broadly coal-fired plants. Totally these contribute 64. 6% of the total installed capacity. The other major contributor is hydroelectric powerwhich provides another(prenominal) 22. 6% of total power. Both are hardly what youd term green coal cater plants , especially in India are inefficient and polluting whereas self-aggrandising scale hydroelectric projects tend to cause heavy(a) scale environmental changes as well as trigger population shifts. Finally thither is thermo atomic and renewables, which come in at 4. % and 7. 2% respectively. Given the scale of problems associated with large scale hydroelectric projects, it is sledding to extremely difficult (and not advisable from an environmental masspoint either) to attempt to build huge hydroelectric projects. Indeed, most of the current capacity has been installed in the present(prenominal) years post-independence and in that location has been little progress with large scale projects in the last twenty years (the Narmada Bachao Andolan and the movements against the Tehri dam come to mind here).It is quite clear therefore, that apart from small scale hydroelectric projects that do not require massive dams on rivers, it is going to be very difficult to raise the conventional hydroelectric generation capacity by as much as is required by the growth in demand discussed above. It is quite an accepted view that the renewable energy sources like wind, tidal and geothermal just leave not have the office to compensate for current fossil fuel generation. Wind and waves could only be used at the seashore or in elevated areas in the mountain ranges, and apart from the four monsoon months, wind patterns across the subcontinent are rather subdued.In my view, there are strong reasons for opting for the latter, which I will detail in the paragraphs below. India abounds with coal. Indeed, this is the only fossil fuel we have a huge supply of. Beneath the ground in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Orissa lies about 10% of the known reserves, making India the 3rd largest coal producer in the world. With reserves enough to last for at least another 100 years, it is no surprise then that post-Independence a huge idiom was set on enhanced exertion and utilisation for electricity generation.There are of course other demands for coal, most notably by the steel industry where it is used as a raw material. handle many other areas for the economy, the steel industry has also boomed in the last 20 years with a six fold increase in produc tion. entirely this may also prove to be as well little as demand is increasing at an annual pace of 10%+ and is likely to press forward given the renewed push for infrastructure snap offment by the government. All of this has meant that once again India is trade large quantities of coal negating the trade cushion that large domestic production naturally affords us.What is the reason for this pair? All mines in India were nationalised in the 1970s, and have fallen behind the reprieve of the world in production standards and efficiencies. Finally, Indian coal has a high ash content and low calorific value which office that larger quantities of raw material will need to be mined. All of these last points highlight the much larger problem with coal- its huge impact on the environment. Fossil fuels pollute, but they do so in two ways- through the emission of particulate matter, S02, N02 and other harmful turgidityes (traditional pollution) and the emission of carbonic acid gas a nd other babys room gases.In most of the developed world, the source has vanished almost completely with strict regulations on emissions from plants. In India, with the poor quality of mining and lax environmental normscoal power plants are a huge source of topical anesthetic pollution. This probatively mars the quality of life of the people in the surrounding area, and if a dramatic increase in coal power is planned, a much larger number of people will be affected. Of course, the much bigger problem and challenge is the huge coulomb emissions. To many, the whole debate on climate change is a conspiracy by the West.Just when India appears to be settling on a itinerary of sustained growth, the bogey of carbon emissions is raised by nations that have made full use of carbon based industries themselves. Climate change debate in India is extremely low on facts and high on rhetoric and outlooks range from a care-a-damn attitude to holding it liable for everyunusually heavy downpou r. Climate change is by and large not a burning topic for public discussion, certainly not one of the aam aadmi wagess and so receives short shrift amongst our politicians- many of whom know precious little on the matter.Imagine then the unease, when the whole issue blew up suddenly at Copenhagen in 2008 and India thrust into a prominent position alongside China. No longer an innocent bystander as at Kyoto a decade before, Indias growth and emergence in the worlds eyes have also ensured that it is now seen as essential to the solution. While there was no deal reached on the matter in part due to India and China standing firm, the writing is on the wall for India. Emission limits are going to come sooner or later.Indeed, they may be pretty soon given the unexpected change in the Governments stance at the current round of negotiations in Cancun. All this makes coal powered plants the real villains of the lot. Spewing huge amounts of carbon in the atmosphere, they can (and especially the ones in India) be highly inefficient. Technologies like Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) live which can reduce this but is at the moment prohibitively expensive and reduces the efficiency of the plant by a further 50%. There is also the additional problem of safe storage of the captured CO2 so that it does not leak out for 100s of years.If even in the West it will require significant government subsidy to implement, there is not much scope of it taking off in India where there will be no governmental support. A simple modification could be to build gas/oil based plants. While the carbon emissions will be curtailed somewhat, and air pollution unquestionably reduced, these are not a solution to the problems of carbon emissions. And finally Indias oil and gas (despite recent finds) reserves are far short of meeting demand, which would place these plants at the mercy of large fluctuations in international prices or global unrest.Good examples of this are the countries of Eur ope who are trying hard to diversify themselves past from Russian gas. Now these can be perceived as significant setbacks, or else as a whole new set of opportunities with the chance for a level playing field. I earnestly suppose that these two issues- the burgeoning power deficit and the push to eliminate it and the need to begin some action on climate change have fortuitously come at the same time. Nuclear energy has a long association with independent India.Nuclear energy caught the attention of our founding fathers and Jawaharlal Nehru was an eager advocate. In an potent letter Homi Bhabha, the architect of the Indian thermo atomic program wrote Moreover, when nuclear energy has been successfully applied for power production in say a couple of decades from now, India will not have to look overseas for its experts but will find them ready at hand. But the fortunes of our nuclear ambitions mirrored only to a fault closely that of Indias relations with the rest of the world .The early optimism of the Nehru years disappeared abruptly with the China war, and the 1964 Chinese atomic test only served to highlight Indias isolation from the worlds major powers and the precarious security department balance with regards to China. Acquiring a bomb became a national priority and while the 1974 tests were a win for Mrs Gandhi domestically, it spelt doom for civilian nuclear efforts. An outraged international community imposed tough sanctions, which were further intensified after the 1998 nuclear tests. For most people, it seemed that civilian nuclear efforts had been given a quiet burial. But was this really the case?Amazingly, and in what must be one of the greatest triumphs of Indian science and engineering, it was not Despite tremendous odds, a great deal of effort was put into civilian nuclear engine room. Realising that they couldnt rely on the West, our scientists decided to revisit the entire basis of the nuclear process and press on with phase II of the so called three stage nuclear program. The emphasis would now be placed on Thorium, which is much more abundant in India. There are significant challenges to using this material, mostly due to the fact that it does not produce the fissile stable Uranium 235 as a by-product of decay.A lot of work has been through with(p) in this area, and directly we are ready to commission projects at phase II and planning work has already begun for Phase III Advanced Heavy irrigate Reactor systems. However, in that period the Cold War became history and our growing economy and some by chance dogged diplomacy won India the landmark nuclear deal of 2008. While the sceptics may decry the dismissal of sovereignty India is now no longer a nuclear pariah and can trade and develop its civilian nuclear capabilities as it sees fit.What I want to underscore here is just how competitive we are our atomic energy facilities are in many cases at the cutting edge of nuclear explore and certainly the be st work on Thorium is coming out of India. So much so that nuclear scientists from the West are extremely keen on using our facilities and collaborating with us. I think the nuclear deal will enable us to leverage our strengths well, and if properly planned out, India could very well acquire from customer to supplier, exporting high value technology to other countries around the globe.This is an opportunity that surely cannot be missed But to return to nuclear energy- does it fulfil the requirements for a reliable source of energy? wellhead air pollution is extremely limited, and so are carbon emissions as there are no fossil fuels involved (except perhaps for the transfer of the fuel). India possesses vast reserves of Thorium, and electricity from nuclear power will also be cost effective. Sure, it takes longer to build these plants but that in part has been to our lack of generate and the stifling of nuclear commerce pre 2008.This has been taken into account in the growth plans to 20,000 MW by 2020 and then a further tripling to 63,000 MW by 2032. Unlike the solar power targets though, these should be readily achievable. At the moment, Indian industry doesnt possess many of the skills required by the industry and this will be a great impetus itself for developing high tech industries in India. However, there is the serious issue of organisation of nuclear by products and the catastrophic scenarios that can arise from a nuclear accident. Indeed it is the latter which has led to large amounts of anti-nuclear feelings especially in Europe.The largest such accident was at Chernobyl in 1986 and the radiation from this affected most of continental Europe. But as has been pointed out, safety standards in the Soviet Union were not as nasty as the West, and even these were blatantly violated as the Soviet economy began to crumble. In other words, it was a terrible exception and given correct management, shouldnt happen again. In many ways this was spookily simil ar to Bhopal, which is worrying for two reasons. One it shows we dont have an inbred safety market-gardening and two that such comparisons could be a convenient bogey for derailment of nuclear projects.The solution is to tackle the former and build up a culture of professionalism and discipline at these nuclear power plants, with safety standards that compare with the West and are adhered to. The memories of Bhopal are still fresh in peoples minds and lets hope the lessons stay with us also. France is a great example of a system that works. 70% of its electricity is generated in nuclear plants and it has an unblemished safety record. So along with technology, we should have no qualms in acquire from the best in the trade and imbibing their safety ethic.If this is done, there is a great chance of nuclear technology becoming another transformative sector for the economy like IT was in this decade. Being a nuclear energy powerhouse will have a knock-on effect for Indian diplomacy and our relations with the rest of the world. Given the volatile nature of world events, it is almost a certainty that access to nuclear technology will be continue to be restrictive in the years ahead. All of the world powers today have strong nuclear programs- even Japan is a key supplier for civilian nuclear technology.A strong domestic nuclear sector will add a lot of free weight to our voice in the world and hasten Indias ascent on the world stage. Nuclear energy will enable us to make significant progress in meeting any emissions targets that could be set for us and will make clear to the world that India is serious about climate change. not only is this good for us in the long run (India is particularly vulnerable to rising temperatures) but it will also deflect pressure back on the developed nations who are primarily obligated for the problem. Such a bold move would be another shot in the arm for Indian diplomacy.If a stopgap solution is required, then coal and gas plants are the way forward. Indeed, to meet the immediate deficit, this is the only way. But it is not the technology for the future. At the moment, that mantle lies with nuclear energy. Our country has already done a great deal of work under very difficult conditions to build up our nuclear program. It would be a tragedy to let this slide and not harness its capabilities. Accomplishing this will require vision- but then, that is exactly what is needed to build the India of the future.